If you look at the site of the Ministry of Emergencies, you can find very unpleasant information about the consequences of fires in the Russian Federation. In the first place are human lives that the fire claimed - about 10-12 thousand per year. Further the sad list is continued by the buildings and structures destroyed by this element. And such objects can accumulate up to 40 thousand per year, and almost always there is no fire alarm system on them. In addition, in each fire, certain property is destroyed, the value of which is estimated at 12 billion rubles per year in our country.
In order not to risk real estate, valuables, and, most importantly, their own lives and the lives of loved ones, fire inspections and the Ministry of Emergencies recommend that appropriate equipment be installed in the apartment or private house.
Fire alarm is a complex set of devices. It performs the following functions:
- continuous assessment of the state of the object;
- early fire detection;
- accurate determination of the location of the fire;
- transfer of information to the fire department, residents and owners of the house;
- launch of fire extinguishing systems (optional).
The fire alarm system consists of the following components:
- a control panel that collects information about the state of the fire situation in the building from sensors;
- loops that connect the control panel with sensors;
- batteries ;
- sensors (they are manual (activated by a person), smoke-optoelectronic, thermal, aspiration, gas, there are also open flame sensors, combined and linear fire detectors - thermal cables);
- sirens (sound, light, combined, sirens, indicators).
Also, the fire alarm system used at private facilities often includes an automatic fire extinguishing system, which starts to work on a signal from a control panel.
Depending on the components that extinguish the fire, automatic fire extinguishing systems are divided into systems:
- finely dispersed fire fighting water;
- aerosol fire extinguishing using aerosol containing inert gas;
- powder fire fighting ;
- foam fire fighting;
- gas fire extinguishing with the help of gas freon for rooms where there are no people.
The fire alarm system exists in two versions - wired and wireless. In the first case, the control device is connected to the sensors via loops. In the second, information is transmitted through signals. The wireless option is considered preferable due to the easy installation of the system, the lack of the need to lay cable routes in the walls, easy maintenance, the ability to transfer sensors to another location and an affordable price.
Also, the fire alarm system can be address-polling, address-analog or threshold. The first one is considered the most reliable, in which all the sensors are connected to the loop with the ring configuration, and the system sequentially “polls” each sensor for signs of fire.
The address-analog system is not quite suitable for home use, as in it, the sensors only transmit information to the remote control and in this case the dispatcher must give an alarm. And the threshold system transmits data to the whole loop, so it is quite difficult to detect a specific place of ignition.
The Fire Inspectorate recommends equipping apartments and houses with small alarms, unattended children, elderly people, people with disabilities, because in this case the likelihood of losing a human life or property in a fire is reduced to almost zero.