Cervical cancer in the ICD-10 is classified as malignant neoplasms. In the case when the tumor is localized inside, then its code in the ICD is C53.0, and outside it is C53.1. In case of lesions of the cervix, which go beyond one or more of these locations, it is assigned the code C53.8. Such a classification is not considered clinical and does not affect the choice of treatment methods.
Statistics
Of all the varieties of oncological pathologies of the female genital area, cervical cancer is approximately 15% and takes 3rd place after malignant neoplasms of the endometrium and breast. This diagnosis annually kills more than 200 thousand women around the world. In Russia, this type of oncology takes 5th place among the causes of death in women from malignant tumors. In recent years, this oncological pathology has become most often detected in women under the age of 40 years.
Individual approach to treatment
Doctors adhere to cervical cancer treatment standards (according to ICD-10 - C53), using innovative methods of surgical interventions, radiation treatment and the most effective anticancer drugs. At the same time, an individual approach to choosing a method of treatment for each patient is extremely important. The use of modern diagnostic techniques, therapy, including surgical methods, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation allows oncologists to increase the survival of sick women.
Development reasons
Currently, scientists have not established the factors that provoke the development of cervical cancer (according to ICD-10 - C53). It is believed that oncological processes develop under the influence of various causes. Virus infections, chemical effects on the female body, and mechanical damage to the tissues of the cervix are considered exogenous.
The following endogenous factors of the development of such a pathological process are distinguished:
- hormonal imbalance;
- genetic predisposition;
- metabolic disorders;
- decreased immune resistance of the female body.
HPV
In 90% of cases, the triggering cause of this disease is HPV. Most often, a malignant tumor causes type 16, 31.18, 33. Typically, a virus of type 16 is found in cervical cancer. Its oncogenicity significantly increases with a decrease in the body's immune response. The virus, which is involved in the mechanism of the occurrence of pathology, is transmitted through sexual contact. In most cases, spontaneous recovery is observed. But if pathogens in the cervix are constantly present, a cancerous tumor develops.
Chronic inflammation
Significant factors provoking the development of pathology include the inflammatory process of the chronic course. It leads to the formation of dystrophic changes in the structures of the cervical epithelium, which ultimately causes the development of severe complications. An equally important factor in the development of oncology of this kind is traumatic injury during abortion, during childbirth, as well as some contraceptives.
Exogenous and endogenous factors
To the exogenous causes of cervical cancer (according to ICD-10 - C53), experts attribute early sexual life with various sexual partners, as well as smoking. The following endogenous factors are distinguished:
- increased levels of estrogen in the blood;
- immunodeficiency conditions in women, including the presence of HIV infection;
- prolonged use of oral hormonal contraceptives.
Do not forget about a variety of occupational hazards, quality and lifestyle.
Symptoms of the disease
At the beginning of the process of its formation, cervical cancer (according to ICD-10 - C53) is not manifested by any pathological signs that can greatly disturb a woman. Only when the malignancy begins to disintegrate do the following distinct signs appear:
- leucorrhoea of a different nature;
- soreness, most often localized in the lower abdomen, in the back, as well as the rectum;
- bleeding that occurs with local, even rather mild, trauma as a result of ruptures of small, fragile tumor-forming vessels located superficially.
An oncological tumor can metastasize through the lymphatic vessels to the walls of the vagina by germinating at the places of its contact with the oncological tumor. The ureter is most resistant to tumor invasion. Much more often, experts detect compression of the ureters with oncological infiltrates, the normal outflow of urine as a result is disturbed.
The growth of a tumor in the rectum indicates the neglect of the oncological process. The mucous membrane of the rectum, as a rule, does not remain mobile over the tumor for a long time. Very rarely, cervical cancer can spread to the ovaries and fallopian tubes. Metastases to distant tissues and organs in unreleased cases are a rare occurrence.
Gynecologists are of the opinion that uterine neck cancer most often remains a “local process” for a long time. Very rarely metastasis is observed, which gives clinical symptoms of a common infection. The temperature in sick women is kept at high levels, sometimes giving periods of remission. Cancer cachexia is observed at a late stage of the formation of an oncological tumor and can be caused by various pathological complications.
Symptoms of cervical cancer (ICD-10 - C53) should not go unnoticed.
With the development of a malignant tumor, the entire neck or its individual sections appear to be tight to the touch, enlarged, the mucous membrane is thickened. Anomalies of the integument epithelium are often visualized in places. Often you can see an excess of tissue in the form of whitish patches of various shapes and sizes.
What to do if you suspect cervical cancer (according to ICD-10, code C53)?
Pathology diagnostics
Currently, there is a variety of diagnostic methods. The basis for the diagnosis of cervical oncology is a complete examination of the woman, the correct collection of an anamnesis of life and disease and complaints, an adequate assessment of the severity of the patient’s condition, gynecological examination with the help of mirrors. The following instrumental methods for diagnosing this disease are used:
- colposcopy;
- laboratory tests for STIs;
- taking material for a biopsy;
- cytological screening.
Colposcopy is considered one of the most effective diagnostic methods for both directly malignant cervical cancer (ICD-10 - C53) and a precancerous condition. The effectiveness of this method reaches 80%. Oncologists combine it with other modern technologies. Colposcopy allows you to determine the depth and nature of the damage to the neck as a whole, the boundaries and sizes of the affected area, in order to subsequently conduct some morphological studies.
Cervicoscopy is important in the diagnosis of pathology. This study is performed using a hysteroscope. This technique has several contraindications:
- pregnancy;
- inflammation processes;
- bleeding.
Cervicoscopy allows you to evaluate the clinical condition of the cervical canal and shows an increase of up to 150 times, due to which an aimed biopsy is performed. One of the effective methods for determining the location of the tumor is considered a cytological study, which is recognized worldwide and recommended by WHO. In combination with colposcopy, the effectiveness of this study reaches 90-95%. The essence of cytology is the collection of cells from the neck and their microscopic study in order to detect pathological elements. A decisive role in the diagnosis is given to histological examination of biomaterial, which is obtained by biopsy.
Treatment
The choice of cervical cancer treatment methods (ICD-10 code - C53) is determined individually. Therapy depends on the prevalence of the oncological process and the severity of concomitant pathologies. The age of the woman is of the least importance. The traditional methods of treatment of the disease include:
Currently, scientists are actively exploring the possibilities of chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer (ICD-10, code C53) and drug therapy.
In severe intraepithelial cancer, a separate diagnostic curettage of the uterus and cervical conization are performed using an electric knife, scalpel or laser beam.
Currently, in the treatment of invasive cancer of the 1st and 2nd stages, extended extirpation of the uterus and appendages is used (Wertheim operation). Combination treatment involves radiation therapy and surgery in a different sequence.