The Constitution of the Russian Federation approved the guaranteed right of citizens to safe working conditions. To ensure the protection of the health and life of workers, organizational and technical, sanitary and hygienic, medical and preventive, legal, rehabilitation, and other measures are carried out. Regulatory documents reflecting provisions regarding labor protection establish the obligations and rights of employers, as well as employees of the organization, which are related to hygiene and safety of the production process.
The country has legislative acts that contain requirements for structures and buildings, technological cycles, equipment and jobs. These include industry and intersectoral labor protection rules. Workshops and sections, new machines and machine tools cannot be involved in the production process if their operational characteristics contradict the requirements contained in these legislative acts.
Industry as well as intersectoral labor protection rules include standards for:
- the maintenance of those territories that belong to the enterprise;
- compliance with certain conditions in the premises where the workplaces are located;
- equipping production equipment;
- supply of machine tools and devices with devices and fences to protect the worker from exposure to their moving parts;
- natural and artificial illumination of the workplace;
- noise level;
- gas contamination and dustiness of workplaces;
- equipping heating and ventilation systems;
- arrangement of premises for sanitary purposes.
Unified industry rules include specific requirements. Their implementation is one of the indispensable conditions for the functioning of the enterprise. They must be observed regardless of the organizational form of the business entity, as well as its subordination to a particular economic sector.
Intersectoral labor protection rules include the requirements for the safety of certain tasks in which certain types of equipment and machines are operated. These regulations are designed to be applied in various areas of the national economy.
Intersectoral labor protection rules are enshrined in the state system of standards related to the formation of safe, healthy conditions in all enterprises and institutions. These regulations are approved by bodies of the federal level with appropriate competence.
Intersectoral labor protection rules when working in electrical installations are a binding document for legal entities of any form of ownership. Their application relates to the implementation of processes related to the operation of the equipment, its operational switching, installation, measurement and testing. To ensure safety, intersectoral rules enshrined the requirement for access to work with electrical installations only to personnel who have undergone special training. At the same time, persons who have not reached the age of eighteen years must work only with an adult partner. Electrical personnel are periodically required to confirm their knowledge of industrial safety to the extent that is determined by their profession. An employee who violates the rules must be held accountable in accordance with applicable law.
Intersectoral labor protection rules when working at heights are designed to preserve the life and health of workers who are involved in this labor process, as well as all persons in the industrial hazard zone. The requirements of regulatory enactments contain the minimum permissible steps for the safety and protection of the health and life of employees. Their implementation is the indispensable condition under which it is possible to carry out work at heights. The provisions of these rules are taken into account at the stage of designing objects, as well as in the development of technologies and the production of high-altitude work.