Industrial sanitation is a field of knowledge that examines various issues related to working conditions, the impact of production factors on the performance and health of staff. Working conditions depend on production technology, the organization of the work process and the sanitary and hygienic environment in which it takes place. Occupational health in production is based on a study of the environment and its impact on working conditions.
The basis for a healthy working environment is the competent organization of production. Industrial sanitation is regulated by such factors as
noise, vibration, pollution, radiation, air purity, and microclimate. There are clearly established requirements and standards for the location of industrial buildings, as well as the availability of necessary conditions in them, such as the provision of drinking and industrial water, the availability of ventilation, lighting and heating, the arrangement of industrial premises based on the area needed for a comfortable production process, and others.
Industrial sanitation is a system of measures that is aimed at preventing the impact of harmful
factors of production on personnel. This helps prevent various occupational diseases. Harmful factors in the production just lead to a deterioration in the health of personnel and, as a result, diseases.
Production factors according to severity, harmfulness and danger are divided into four categories:
- 1st category - optimal working conditions.
- 2nd category - permissible working conditions, which can cause various physical and functional deviations, however, after a good rest, the body returns to normal.
- 3rd category - harmful working conditions of varying degrees. Harmful hygiene factors here exceed the norms and have a negative impact on the staff, and can also badly affect the offspring of workers. According to the level of exceeding the norms, factors of the third category are divided into four degrees according to harmfulness and danger.
- The 4th category includes extremely dangerous and extreme working conditions, which during a shift or a short period of time can lead to serious illnesses, damage to the body of various degrees and create a threat to life. Labor in such difficult and extreme conditions is prohibited. Exceptions are the elimination of the consequences of various accidents and disasters and urgent repairs. In such conditions, labor activity should be carried out using various personal protective equipment, as well as in strict compliance with the rules and regimes regulated for these situations.
Industrial sanitation is a very important discipline. Compliance with its standards is necessary to preserve the life and health of staff. Proper organization of the production process can significantly reduce the level of occupational diseases.