The development of modern security systems is inextricably linked with various processes of integration and wide automation. This applies not only to protective equipment, but also to any other that are intended to provide software control over the functioning and life support of residential, office and other buildings or objects. The logical development of such a trend resulted in the emergence of such a phenomenon as integrated security systems, which have more opportunities.
What it is?
The basis of the HMB is a single hardware and software platform, which is a fully automated control that has a multi-level network structure. It has a common center, based on a local computer network and providing for the presence of a communication line, controllers and information receiving devices, as well as a number of peripheral devices. With their help, integrated security systems provide the collection and processing of data from various sensors, as well as exercise control over all kinds of automation.
HMBs are automated control devices with the help of which optimal safety control of any objects is ensured, therefore various norms and requirements of the current legislation fully apply to it.
Basic concepts
Security systems are divided into two groups established by the current regulatory framework:
- Automated. They include personnel, as well as a certain set of automation tools for its work. They implement information technology for performing certain tasks.
- Integrated security systems of automated type. A combination of two or several mutually interconnected speakers, in which the operation of each individual element directly depends on the others in such a way that such a combination can be considered as a single device.
In accordance with the concepts considered, it is possible to define the HMB itself.
Definition
Integrated security systems are a set of technical means that are designed to control fire, burglar or warning devices, as well as fire-fighting automatic equipment, access and television surveillance. They are distinguished by information, technical, operational and software compatibility. This allows us to consider this aggregate as a single automated complex.
From this definition, we can conclude that the design of security systems of this type represents the creation of such a structure that will provide protection from several types of threats at once. If we consider the above definition, then protection should be provided from the possible occurrence of a fire, as well as various criminal threats.
Modern HMBs are based on a hierarchical network structure, which includes various computer and local networks of various levels of complexity of specialized computing devices.
Levels
The design of integrated security systems involves the creation of four levels.
The first is a client-server computer network based on an Ethernet network using the TCP / IP exchange protocol and using specialized network operating systems. With the help of this level, a full-fledged communication is provided between the main server and various work operator stations. HMB management, which provides control over all devices, including access control systems, fire systems and many others, is provided with the help of special software. Moreover, for small objects even the possibility of using only one computer is provided. It is also worth noting that, at the upper level, communication and parallel control over remote objects are provided, and modern equipment capabilities allow data to be transmitted through different communication channels, which allows the creation of full-fledged safety monitoring systems for objects at long distances on the basis of HMB.
The second level consists of local controllers, which are the main controls. Through them, fire systems and all the rest are controlled. Each local device must ensure that the most important tasks are performed in its own separate zone, even if communication with the upper level is interrupted. To ensure communication between homogeneous devices, the RS485 interface or some other interface is used, which makes it possible to build full-fledged industrial-level networks that are distinguished by a sufficient speed of information exchange, as well as protection from interference. Communication between the upper and second levels can be provided through a specific network controller by connecting it to a server. In some HMBs, where an ACS (access control and management system) is used, as well as other means of protection, there is the possibility of direct access to the upper level via the TCP / IP protocol.
At the third level are addressable network devices connected to each individual controller, and here, in the predominant majority of cases, it is customary to use the RS485 interface. The total number of network devices that can be connected to any controller can reach 256. At the same time, their nomenclature is quite diverse, ranging from standard extenders for connecting specialized radial ALs to complex third-level controllers. For example, these are fire extinguishing control devices or modules that connect address-analog fire detectors.
The fourth level includes all kinds of annunciators and annunciators of the fire alarm system, executive elements of an access control system (access control and management system), as well as control devices for specialized equipment, sensors, and many other devices. In the predominant majority of cases, at this level it is customary to use fairly specific and non-standard protocols and interfaces.
The technical capabilities that modern HMBs have, which use a video surveillance line and a whole range of other equipment, also determine the subsequent prospects for their development, the ability to integrate with any other means of automation, as well as expand the total number of types and number of threats, protection from which is achieved with their help. The trend of subsequent integration is the combination of the existing HMB with various control and automation devices for the engineering systems of the facility, which is directly related to the concept of “intelligent building”.
What is it like?
An intelligent building is a complex that includes organizational, engineering, design and software solutions used to form a complete information and control infrastructure. It is designed to provide the most effective and flexible technology for servicing a particular facility, as well as accurately meeting the basic needs of its owners in terms of security. It can be used ACS, a video surveillance line, as well as a number of other specialized equipment that allows you to automate and upgrade your security system.
Its main purpose is to ensure the effective operation of any engineering systems, energy conservation, as well as the detection, prevention and maximum prompt elimination of any emergency situations that may arise during the operation of the facility, minimizing the consequences of possible damage.
Where is it used?
Today, the integrated technical security system of the “intelligent building” format is in most cases found in office and residential buildings. Their introduction for industrial and production facilities opens up the possibility of creating such complexes in which the automation of the production process or the main functional purpose of the protected object is directly related to ensuring the safety of not only the structure itself, but also the people who are in it from various types of threats that may arise on it in the process of work. The interconnection between the various life support systems in this case allows for the most economical and efficient way of fulfilling functional tasks. By themselves, they are full-fledged automated systems for managing the life support, functioning and safety of the facility.
How is the integration going?
Integrated integrated security systems are created in several stages, the main ones of which are:
- mounting;
- design;
- commissioning ;
- delivery to the customer at the reception.
Any object that uses security alarms and other elements of the security system is considered to be absolutely unique, due to which each structure created by professionals is a single instance, which is created again and again for different objects.
Key Features
It is worth noting that in the process of creating any system, the relevant provisions of the current legislation and standards in the field of creating such products are taken into account. In particular, the standards establish the procedure for coordination, development and further approval of technical documentation and technical specifications, as well as the exact procedure for the production, control, installation, commissioning and commissioning of various products of a single production or their individual elements. At the same time, one must correctly understand that security sensors and other equipment can be finally assembled, adjusted, tested and brought up only at the immediate place of operation in the complex of a particular production facility.
Design
The most important role in the creation process is given to the design procedure, since it is at this stage that all the necessary qualitative characteristics are laid. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that during the design process one of the most important issues can be called the choice of specific technical means from which an integrated security management system will ultimately be created.
In this case, technical means are understood as various products, as well as the whole system as a unit production, which is created for each individual object through design, installation, commissioning and subsequent commissioning.
The main difficulties
In any case, HMB is an extremely complex technical structure, so in the process of its creation it is necessary to use specialized equipment, which differs not only in its functional purpose, but also in some production features. The classification of protective complexes is quite diverse, and each of them provides its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages.
It should be noted that there is always a problem of equipment compatibility, which includes two main elements:
- The task of ensuring the correct interaction of devices in various subsystems that were combined in the HMB.
- Compatibility of devices made by different manufacturers.
It must be correctly understood that all these tasks must be completely solved while integrated fire safety systems and others are at the design stage. Indeed, at this moment, they can still be optimized within the choice of integration method.
Principles
Design principles are mainly determined by the chosen integration method, on which the HMB classification also depends. The principles themselves can be divided into four main levels:
- At the design level, the system is a combination of a variety of equipment that is not specifically designed to create HMB.
- At the software level, there is an association of devices from various manufacturers. At the same time, they are based on a software product specially developed for the purpose of integration, as well as on the management of a system based on a general purpose personal computer.
- At the hardware and software level, specialized equipment of an integrated security system and a software product of a certain manufacturer, a system management based on a general purpose personal computer, are combined.
- At the hardware level, the software product and devices of a particular manufacturer are combined, and the system is controlled without the need for a general purpose personal computer, based on high-performance specialized controllers, as well as LANs based on them.
CCTV
The integration of the video surveillance subsystem is a separate topic. There are three main options for this implementation:
- At the project level. Systems are combined in the design process for each individual object, and the work is entrusted to design and installation firms, conditionally called "system integrators".
- At the program level. To combine the subsystems, specialized software is used, which is developed and delivered as an independent product.
- At the hardware and software level. The development of software and hardware is carried out within the framework of one system, due to which the most optimal characteristics are achieved, because the entire development process is mainly concentrated in one hand, and the entire system is delivered with a manufacturing guarantee.
Moreover, all these options have a common drawback - the use of standard general-purpose personal computers at the top level of management.
Hardware platform
Today, the hardware integration platform can be called a relatively new direction in the development of the basic principles of building HMB. In the process of developing this direction, the task was initially set to completely eliminate various shortcomings of other methods, that is, to ensure a complete rejection of the use of standard general purpose personal computers in all types of HMBs.
The hardware integration technology is based on equipment that does not require the participation of a PC, but at the same time allows for maximum speed and reliability of the system used.