Oligophrenia, idiocy, imbecility, debility are degrees of mental retardation. Intellectual retardation, or, in another way, it is called faintness, is systematized according to the severity and forms of the symptoms manifested, showing with the given disorder. One of its classical divisions includes the appropriate degrees of mental retardation: moronity, imbecility, idiocy, the characteristic (brief) of which is presented below.
- Debility is a minor intellectual deviation; it is characterized by the presence of rather mild clinical symptoms of oligophrenia, which most often creates some difficulties in establishing a diagnosis.
- Imbecility is a small intellectual retardation.
- Idiocy is a languid configuration of intellectual retardation, combining inside itself, except for obligate symptoms, literally a complete lack of reason, and a rather difficult psychopathological state.
Pedagogical problems
The international classification of diseases of the tenth revision takes into account a separate systematization of intellectual retardation, based on the verification of the value of the mind by the IQ test by Eysenck (he is the author of the classification on moronity, imbecility and idiocy, photos of people with this problem are attached) and distinguishes, depending on the results of the test, not heavy, small , languid and solid form of oligophrenia.
In the Russian Federation, this alignment is used in extremely rare cases in order to determine the value of debility. For more languid forms, implementing an IQ test is pointless. To establish a diagnosis of intellectual retardation in our country, Wexler methods and all kinds of verbal and non-verbal scales are used, which, with specific accuracy, make it possible to qualify the degree of reason in a patient.
A serious contribution to the pedagogical orientation of working with intellectually retarded children (oligophrenia, idiocy, imbecility, debility) belongs to M.S. Pevznere, who, in 1979, singled out her own kind of oligophrenia division based on the etiological and pathogenetic characteristics of the disease:
- uncomplicated configurational form of the disease;
- intellectual retardation due to deviations of neurodynamic processes aimed at excitation or slowdown;
- intellectual retardation against the background of analyzer dysfunctions - auditory, visual, tactile;
- intellectual retardation, which includes psychopathic symptoms in the patient’s behavior;
- intellectual retardation against the background of embodied frontal deficiency.
Debility
Since moronicity is a weak syndrome of mental retardation, most people can be independent, full-fledged and needy people. People who have retardation cider of mental retardation, can master a simple profession and live like ordinary people, only sometimes, they need support from other people.
Of course, debility can be transmitted by inheritance, mainly diseases:
- fermentopathy;
- microcephaly;
- endocrinopathy.
Another person is born with morbidity syndrome, this is due to the fact that during pregnancy the fetus was affected by adverse effects. This is mainly when the mother is nervous or takes drugs and products that are prohibited for pregnant women.
Debility can appear in a child when, even during pregnancy, the mother could become infected with diseases such as:
- syphilis;
- rubella;
- measles.
Or with the appearance of a Rhesus conflict, fetal hypoxia, fetoplacental insufficiency.
Light cider oligophrenia "moronity" can occur if the mother used tobacco products, alcohol, drugs during pregnancy. Or, when using medications prohibited for pregnant women, it is most often in these cases that a child is born with a syndrome of mental retardation “morbidity”.
Symptoms of Debility
In children with mild mental retardation syndrome, the following symptoms are present:
- a little slowed down thinking;
- poor physical and mental development ;
- there is practically no way to lure a patient for a long time.
They are dominated by specific, described thinking, but they cannot abstract. Children who have this syndrome are very difficult to learn, they do not have logical thinking and, accordingly, cannot explain the logical connection of objects. Such children cannot talk about what they heard or read.
People suffering from debility cannot speak and write competently, often distortions and errors are heard in their speech. Since they are difficult to learn, it is impossible to make them remember something for a long time, they need to fully understand this and consider this or that information as a common thing. Sometimes there are cases when children with morbidity syndrome had unusual abilities, which is not typical of an ordinary person. This is the so-called giftedness, it is subject to excellent visual and mechanical memory, they can access large arithmetic calculations in the mind, that is, they can subtract, add, multiply, divide large numbers with incredible speed.
Training
Such children have wonderful drawing, composing poetry and writing whole poems. In general, such people can be highly developed culturally. Almost always they have an excellent and sensitive hearing. Not many people know that people who suffer from activity can feel disappointment and enthusiasm, loss and victory, joy and sorrow. They, like all people, are able to distinguish and feel emotions. They have a definite and very different mindset from other people, only it is unfocused and often impulsive.
Relationship with others
People who have a syndrome of mental retardation “moronicity” cannot study in secondary schools. Since they will not be able to understand and realize the general educational curriculum. They need to study in special schools for children with disabilities or for children with mental retardation. In such schools, psychiatrists and psychotherapists help parents educate and prepare their children for adult and independent life.
Imbecility
Imbecility (translated from the Latin language - impotent) is an intermediate level of oligophrenia, half-wit, intellectual underdevelopment, characterized by a lag in the formation of the brain of the fetus or the child at the initial stages of his life. The definitions of “imbecility”, “imbecile” are archaic and not recommended for use, for example, they cause a rather negative reaction among others. Instead, in some circles of people it is recommended to use neutral definitions, according to which "imbecility", depending on what stage it is, is usually called in accordance with a diagnosis of "moderate mental retardation" ("moderate intellectual mental retardation") and “Severe intellectual disabilities” (“severe intellectual retardation”).
Symptoms of Imbecility
Quite often, in the psychiatric literature and the literature on oligophrenopedagogy and in real time, the classical definitions of “moronity”, “imbecility” and “idiocy” do not stop being applied. With this disease, the kids are behind in physiological development, the differences are noticeable externally. Quite often, this is accompanied by the existence of symptoms of carnal malformations:
- cranial deformity;
- poorly developed limbs;
- fingers;
- face imperfections;
- ears
- eye;
- hypogenitalism, etc.
There is every chance to find such neurological signs as paralysis, paresis.
The clinical picture of imbecility
Imbeciles are well versed in their surroundings, they themselves have every chance to pronounce individual texts, and sometimes quite complicated stories. Speech consists mainly of only verbs and nouns; very strong illiteracy can be traced.
As a rule, speech consists of fairly short normal phrases, and the lexicographic stock is limited to a very small stock of words, sometimes their number can reach three hundred. Thinking is direct and primitive, but alternately, distractions are unattainable, the supply of information is extremely narrow, a sharp underdevelopment of interest, memory, and will.
Imbeciles can represent anything, but to form and educate their own opinion in them is a rather lengthy and almost impossible process, since it is difficult for them to give. Their imagination is practically absent.
Socialization of imbeciles
People with this disease can instill in themselves the main self-care abilities (they can dress independently, look after themselves, eat) and simple labor abilities, keyly, all this is possible thanks to hard training. With a mild to moderate form of deviations, patients have every chance of studying in an auxiliary school, but few manage to teach them: simple counting within a few units, writing small texts, reading simple sentences.
Impressions of patients are more differentiated than those of completely retarded people, they get used to the people around them, correctly respond to praise or condemnation. Imbeciles cannot take the initiative, are inert, rather suggestible, simply get lost when the environment changes, they need constant observation and care, and in unfavorable surroundings, the behavior can become quite aggressive. The interests of patients are extremely simple and limited in satisfying physical needs.
Sexual desire in people with imbecility is usually reduced. The behavior is different in two groups of patients:
- listlessly lethargic;
- apathetic to everything;
- not counting the satisfaction of natural necessities (torpid) and living;
- movable;
- egozlivye.
They are likewise divided into two groups:
- viciously aggressive;
- adamant and companionable;
- friendly;
- friendly
- docile.
Idiocy
Idiocy is considered the most difficult form of the disease of oligophrenia and is characterized by an absolute lack of awareness of what is happening and understanding of the life around it and a clear reflection of logically correct impressions.
Idiocy, in almost all cases, is associated with serious motor, physical and psychopathological non-functionalities.
Signs of idiocy
Most often, it is rather difficult for patients to walk, they have anatomical difficulties of internal organs. Conscious work for them is unattainable. Verbal manifestations are incoherent, literally do not contain texts - they are replaced by various, high, singing notes, pronunciation of individual syllables or sounds.
It is not typical for patients to distinguish the people around them, they do not respond when other people call them to themselves, their reaction is limited to the level of pronunciation of sound or a light mimic response.
Emotional gratification is limited only by the acquisition of simple pleasure from eating food, emptying the intestinal tract, and also sucking your fingers or from the fact that a person takes a variety of inedible objects into his mouth.
Patients without fail need the presence of people caring for them, as a result of which they are always transferred to government care in special boarding schools throughout their entire lives.