Unemployment - lack of work among the active population of the country. The concept of unemployment is expressed as a percentage of the number of unemployed to the active working population. Disabled people are one of the characteristics of a market economy. Their number increases significantly during crises and decreases during periods of recovery. It should be noted that moderate unemployment is normal and even necessary for economic growth. This is a kind of reserve for freedom of labor, which may subsequently be useful, for example, when expanding production.
What are the causes of unemployment? Why are healthy and capable of working people forced to stay at home? It is rather difficult to give unequivocal answers to these questions. The reasons for unemployment can be hidden both in the level of economic development, and in the personal attitude of every citizen of the country to the need to go to work. Recently, when human labor is increasingly replaced by computer technology, the number of non-working people is constantly increasing. For example, printing houses have significantly reduced their staff, as now texts are typed using computer equipment. As a result, unemployment in this direction has increased several times. The causes of unemployment are also associated with temporary transformations in the level of production of goods in various sectors of the economy, as well as economic stagnation, decline and depression. A significant role is also made by the definition of wages. In the case when the minimum size of labor increases, production costs increase significantly, therefore, there is a need to reduce labor. As mentioned above, the causes of unemployment can be directly related to the person. For example, for health reasons, he belongs to the workforce, but does not want to work on purpose, giving preference to a calm and measured life without permanent means of subsistence. It is not always possible to find work and for the reason that the options considered have low wages, require certain skills that a person does not currently own.
Currently, the unemployment rate in relation to the active working population is not very large. Each year it varies depending on the state of the economy and other indicators. Unemployment statistics show that in recent years there has been no significant increase in the number of unemployed. So, as of June 2011, 1,487,575 people were registered in the employment services of the Russian Federation. The total number of unemployed is about 5.5 million people, in percentage - 7.2% of the total number of working population of the country. When compared with Europe, then this figure is higher and amounts to 9.9%. Most unemployed are observed in small towns and rural areas. In large cities, this problem is not acute. The number of unemployed in the country is also heterogeneous. So, the least unemployed in Moscow and St. Petersburg, but most of all there are in the Caucasus and Tuva.
Unemployment is not a good indicator of the economy. It is clear evidence that a certain number of people for one reason or another cannot get a job, and, accordingly, their income becomes very low. In recent years, the Russian government has been trying to at least slightly solve the problem of providing the population with jobs, thereby reducing unemployment rates. For example, in the immediate plans to create all conditions for vocational training of workers in connection with the modernization of production, support for the unemployed in starting their own business, introducing people with disabilities, parents with many children and parents raising children with disabilities.