In the article, we consider a description of the disease prostate cancer (ICD 10 C61).
This is a malignant oncological neoplasm, which is most often affected by older men. The disease is described in ICD 10. This pathology is assigned the code C61.
Description of the disease
Such a tumor forms from glandular epithelial cells in the peripheral zone of the prostate. Its malignant nature is due to the fact that healthy cells under the influence of certain negative factors begin to multiply randomly, while not fulfilling their immediate purpose, and degenerate into atypical ones. They, accumulating in one area, form a tissue densification, which subsequently turns into a tumor. The danger of atypical cells lies in the fact that they have the ability to go beyond the affected organ, and, growing, disrupt the state of other systems and tissues. The tumor actively grows and feeds due to oxygen and substances that enter it when healthy cells are inhibited.
Today, several types of prostate cancer are being diagnosed. Adenocarcinoma - the most common of them, occurs in men after 60 years.
Distinctive feature
ICD 10 describes a distinctive feature of this disease (code C 61). Cancer of this type can form several minor foci in the gland, while for many years remain in a calm state, without growing and not spreading metastases.
Prostate cancer (ICD code 10 C61) can be localized not only in the gland, but also beyond. This usually occurs when the pathological process progresses, when the neoplasm begins to grow and damage the capsule of the gland. In this case, nearby tissues are affected. When cancer cells of the prostate migrate to other organs, this indicates a metastatic tumor.
In most situations, the detection of pathology occurs only when the tumor is in the prostate.
Classification of Prostate Cancer (ICD 10 C61)
The classification of this pathology is developed according to the TNM system. It is used in the process of diagnosing the diagnosis and determining the stage of cancer:
- T - primary tumor;
- TX - not enough information to assess the primary infiltrate;
- T1 - the tumor does not manifest clinically, is not visualized, and is not palpable by special methods;
- T0 - the primary tumor is not defined;
- T1a - a neoplasm is accidentally detected during histological examination and accounts for less than 5% of resected tissues;
- T1b - the formation is accidentally detected during histological examination and makes up more than 5% of the resected tissues;
- T1c - the tumor is diagnosed by needle biopsy;
- T2 - education is limited to the prostate gland;
- T2b - the tumor affects more than ½ of one lobe of the gland;
- T2a - affects ½ of one lobe of the gland or less;
- T2c - affects both lobes;
- T3 - spreads beyond the gland;
- T3b - spreads to the seminal vesicle;
- T3a - extends beyond the capsule;
- T4 is an unshifted formation or tumor that grows on neighboring tissues, but not on seminal vesicles.
Category N symbolizes regional lymph nodes:
- NX - insufficient information to evaluate regional lymph nodes ;
- N0 - metastases are absent in regional lymph nodes;
- N1 - metastases in regional lymph nodes are present.
Category M means distant metastases:
- MX - there is no way to determine the presence of distant metastases;
- M0 - there are no signs of distant metastases;
- M1a - non-regional lymph nodes are affected;
- M1 - the presence of distant metastases;
- M1c - there are other localizations of distant metastases;
- M1b - bone damage.
Causes of the disease
Consider the causes of prostate cancer (ICD 10 C61).
According to specialists and scientific research data, the following negative factors contribute to the oncological tumors in men:
- heredity - the probability of getting cancer increases by almost 40% in people whose close relatives had a history of this pathology;
- age-related changes in the male body;
- bad ecology;
- food containing a large amount of saturated fat;
- bad habits;
- insufficient amount of vegetables in the diet.
Symptoms of ailment
Prostate cancer (ICD 10 C61) in the initial stages develops asymptomatically, which greatly complicates its diagnosis in the early stages. But with the development of pathology, symptoms are indicated that indicate likely oncological processes.
Signs of prostate cancer (ICD 10 C61) should not go unnoticed.
So, the following symptoms indicate the development of a malignant tumor of the prostate:
- increased urination, especially at night;
- intermittent thin stream of urine;
- the need to push when urinating;
- enlargement of the prostate gland;
- swelling of the lower extremities;
- pain in the pelvic area, in the spine;
- blood impurities in the urine.
What to do with symptoms of prostate cancer (ICD 10 C61)?
Diagnostics
Oncology is diagnosed using a variety of modern techniques for identifying such pathologies.
First of all, such a study is an analysis of prostate-specific antigen. Normal values for this antigen are 3-4 ng / ml. If the test shows an increased level of PSA, then this causes experts to suspect. However, it is impossible to say for sure that this patient has cancer, since a high amount of antigen indicates damage to the prostate tissue, but what exactly the integrity violation is caused by is to be determined using additional diagnostic methods. Among them, the most famous methods are palpable examination of the gland through the anus, ultrasound transrectal examination and biopsy to study the nature and structure of tumor material.
The indicated methods for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (ICD 10 C61) not only identify cancer tumors, but also obtain more reliable information about them: stage of development, structure.
Stages
A prostate tumor develops in four main stages, each of which is characterized by a different degree of damage and certain treatment options.
At stages 0 and 1, it is impossible to determine prostate cancer (ICD 10 C61) by symptomatology, because the tumor is so small that it can only be diagnosed with an autopsy and examination of prostate tissue, which was removed during adenoma therapy. At stage II - a pathological formation is still located within the boundaries of the organ, but it is quite well palpated during an anal examination. At stage III - a malignant tumor sprouted through the membrane of the prostate gland and spread to the neck of the bladder and seminal vesicles. At this stage, surgery is unacceptable. At stage IV of prostate oncology, the situation is the most difficult. The tumor sends metastases to the pelvic bone structures, lymph nodes and other organs. This degree of development of the oncological process is most easily diagnosed.
Prostate Cancer Treatment (ICD 10 C61)
Oncology therapy is conservative and operational. Conservative treatment involves the use of radiation, chemotherapy, targeted treatment and hormone replacement therapy. Surgical intervention is the removal of an oncological neoplasm using the laparoscopic method or with the help of a radical post-prostatectomy.
Swelling Surgery
Surgical removal of a malignant neoplasm involves the following types of operations:
- prostaectomy (removal of the gland);
- partial removal with an endoscope through the urethra;
- orchidectomy (removal of the testicles), which can be performed both medically and surgically.
To select the methodology and tactics of combating such a pathology, there must be strict indications or contraindications.
In prostate cancer (ICD 10 C61), an oncological tumor is subjected to radical removal only in those cases when it has a clear localization, the lymph nodes are not damaged, and metastases are absent. Timely therapy with the complete removal of the malignant tumor gives a good chance of human survival after surgery for 10 years or more.
What are the consequences of the disease?
After surgical removal in rare cases, patients observe the following symptoms:
- violation of erection;
- urinary incontinence.
In addition, it should be noted that in cases where prostate cancer is diagnosed in patients after 65 years and more and does not go beyond the borders of the gland, the operation is not performed, since at this age there are many other contraindications to the implementation of surgical intervention. A prostate tumor develops very slowly, so specialists take the man under observation and in cases of urgent need, strictly according to indications, prescribe conservative treatment.
Chemotherapy
When radical therapeutic methods are contraindicated, metastases are diagnosed, then chemotherapy is used to destroy cancer cells and alleviate the patient's condition. The medicines used have a negative and destructive effect not only on atypical, but also on healthy cells. Therefore, this technique has many side effects (baldness, nausea, severe malaise, etc.).
The targeted method is used as an alternative to chemotherapy. It is based on the effect on pathological cells with highly specific monoclonal antibodies. This technique has a minimum of side effects.
Hormonal medications allow you to slow down the progression of the oncological process in the prostate. They are prescribed in combination with radiation therapy and after surgery. Irradiation is a fairly effective method, but it is also accompanied by pronounced side effects. The action of directed x-rays and radioactive rays extends not only to the cancerous tumor, but also to neighboring tissues.
Brachytherapy
Brachytherapy is a relatively new technique for direct exposure to a prostate tumor using radioactive iodine. Technically, this method of treatment is the introduction of an active element with a needle into the gland. According to the period of time of use, short-term brachytherapy and long-term are distinguished.
If a malignant tumor is determined only within the borders of the prostate, then the prognosis for the patient is quite favorable. At the stages when metastases spread to other organs, the prognosis is extremely negative - the life span is not more than three years.
We reviewed information on prostate cancer (ICD 10 C61).