When conducting cashless payments between enterprises, firms and organizations, a situation very often arises when an analysis of accounts payable and receivable is necessary. Before proceeding to the description of the methods of this analysis, it is necessary to understand the concepts themselves that are characterized by these categories.
Accounts receivable (DZ) is any type of debt that may arise in one business entity, including individuals, in relation to other entities. Its accounting and analysis is complicated by the fact that by its nature DZ is determined by a combination of reasons.
Here is some of them:
- type of product, which is the subject for which payments are made between business entities;
- the size of the market in which these enterprises and organizations operate;
- the level of saturation of this market with those goods for which payments are being made;
- those specific forms and calculation methods that are used by these enterprises in the calculations.
In the current work, the control of accounts receivable is to correctly and accurately measure its dynamics, that is, to establish how it changes during the reporting (or other period chosen for analysis) period, in tracking its structure and sources of origin, to know specifically for what economic entities it is listed, what are its monetary amounts and the timing of occurrence.
Moreover, the closest attention should be paid to such types of remote sensing as unjustified and expired.
To unjustified, the analysis of payables and receivables includes:
- resulting from shortages, theft or embezzlement;
- debt UKSov firms and enterprises that are formed in violation of financial discipline;
- debts of partners for unpaid but already delivered goods to them.
That debt, the maturity of which has already expired in the claims, is written off to the losses of this enterprise. The legislation sets such a period of 3 years.
This type, as other debt, includes several articles of commodity and non-commodity properties. These are:
- settlements between business entities on planned payments;
- debts arising from the delay in the submission of reports by persons who received money under the report;
- arrears in payments for the use or rental of premises and utility debts.
In order to optimize the value of remote sensing, an analysis of accounts payable and receivable suggests that particular attention should be paid to the selection of potential consumers of the enterprise’s products and the establishment of the most favorable payment terms for the delivered commodity products for this enterprise .
As practice shows, the analysis of accounts payable and receivables is carried out either by the continuous method, or by the method of selective analysis. In each case, the choice of method depends on the amount of debt, the characteristics of the debtors and the reliability of the documents that they represent.
However, the most important indicators in the analysis are the following DZ indicators:
- absolute, which reflects those debts for which the repayment period exceeded three months;
- turnover, which is calculated by the formula: = / (Wed), where: - revenue from products sold, net of VAT, (Wed) - average value of receivables, - turnover value.
- the maturity period of subsidiaries, which is defined as the quotient of dividing the number of days in a year (the number 360 is accepted) by the value of the turnover (O).
As the most important indicator characterizing DZ, one should take the axiomatic: the longer the delay time of the DZ, the lower the probability of its repayment.
Therefore, it is important in the analysis to pay attention to such a parameter as short-term receivables, which is understood as one for which payments are expected to be received from consumers of products within the next 12 months. Here, an important area of work for each enterprise or organization is to maintain constant interaction with consumers and control their financial stability, which should be organized based on the study of various, primarily independent sources of information.