Environmental protection in construction is an important and relevant issue. With the uncontrolled and ownerless activities of man, nature is substantially damaged. The consequence of this attitude may be the unsuitability of the planet for habitation.
Relevance
The entire construction industry (materials, the process of building buildings) negatively affects the ecosystem, which is why systematic and timely environmental protection measures during construction are so important.
The industry needs a significant amount of various raw materials, water, energy resources. With their irrational application, a negative effect is exerted on nature.
Forest resources
When cutting down trees, processing this type of raw material, the landscape is disturbed, atmospheric air, soil, and water are polluted by various wastes. In order to prevent ecological disaster, environmental protection in construction should be carried out. For example, the technology of integrated wood processing was introduced, which helped to reduce the negative impact of wood processing on the environment. Also among the measures that allow to restore the balance in the ecosystem is the landing of young animals.
Fossil raw materials
The construction industry requires a significant amount of crushed stone, stone, clay, sand, lime, extracted in an open way from the bowels of the earth. About 15 thousand hectares of land are processed specifically for the construction industry.
Cement and asphalt concrete plants, factories for the production of expanded clay, reinforced concrete products emit a significant amount of harmful gases, dust, soot into the atmosphere.
Environmental protection in construction involves the construction and commissioning of treatment facilities designed to minimize emissions.
Construction sites and ecosystem
Work in the field of direct construction is associated with landscape disturbances and environmental pollution. They begin with clearing the site, removing soil, performing earthwork. As part of the construction of pipelines, exclusion bands appear along which all vegetation is destroyed: forest, shrubs, etc. within a radius of 35 meters.
The construction of railways is accompanied by the destruction of vegetation in a strip of about 100 meters.
In order to restore the natural balance, environmental protection during road construction is important. Instead of destroyed vegetation, after completion of construction work on the strip, landscaping is carried out.
Non-observance of safety rules at construction sites leads to the dispersion of bulk solids, the spill of fuels and lubricants, and other negative consequences for the natural community.
Water that is used as part of construction work is often discharged into water bodies after application without additional purification. Storm and melt waters from construction sites are washed off waste, they also fall into water bodies, causing significant harm to flora and fauna.
Violations of the water regime also occur during the development of pits, quarries, and drilling operations. Due to the decrease in groundwater levels, a failure in the vegetation of plants is observed.
SNiP 11-01-95
Due to the fact that the construction process poses a serious danger to the environment, close attention is currently being paid to the implementation of environmental solutions in the design, construction, operation of various facilities. SNiP 11-01-95 determine the organization, methodology, economics of design and engineering activities. Particular importance is given to the development of measures for the rational use of land and natural resources. Environmental protection during the construction of roads and the erection of buildings did not go without due attention.
What materials should be included in the working draft without fail? The section "Environmental Protection" in the construction of roads, railways, the construction of residential and industrial facilities is supposed.
Security system
This is a set of measures that provide the ability to preserve nature and its constituent parts (landscape) by gene pool reproduction functions, as well as the protection of renewable resources.
Environmental protection in construction involves the implementation of various actions to reduce or completely eliminate the negative impact of anthropogenic factors, the conservation and rational use of natural resources.
These include the following activities:
urban planning measures that are aimed at the rational location of enterprises, transport hubs, settlements;
construction and architectural measures that determine the choice of structural and space-planning solutions;
the use of non-waste and low-waste industries and technologies in the extraction, processing of various building materials;
construction and operation of treatment facilities;
land reclamation.
Special attention is paid to measures concerning the rational use of mineral resources, the reproduction of fauna and flora.
Important points
Environmental protection during construction and reconstruction is reflected in the design documentation: explanatory note, technological section, construction decisions, budget documentation. The materials intended for industrial facilities also have a special section on environmental protection.
The project for the construction of industrial facilities, which is being developed as part of a two-stage design, involves the indication in the explanatory note of general information about the envisaged environmental protection measures, their economic efficiency and feasibility.
Environmental protection during the construction of buildings is an important aspect. Particular attention is paid to the indication of planned devices intended for the treatment of wastewater and natural waters, as well as control of atmospheric emissions.
Features of construction documentation
The “Technical Solutions” section provides a detailed indication of the design decision regarding the integrated use of natural raw materials and resources, the use of non-waste technologies, and the selection of effective ways to neutralize and clean up harmful emissions. Attached are tables, emission calculations, schematic maps, and sources of air pollution.
The section “Construction decisions” presupposes an indication of design decisions on options for storing and removing the fertile soil layer, its transportation to the temporary storage place, for landscaping and landscaping, restoring the land, bringing it into a suitable form for use.
Environmental protection during the construction of the facility is indicated in the section “Estimated documentation”. It is planned to develop the estimated cost of all work related to reducing the negative impact of construction on the OS. Among them should be proposals for the creation of non-waste technologies, information on the volumes and sources of emissions of harmful chemicals, MPC, measures to counteract accidental emissions.
The documentation also includes information on the volume of water resources used, their level of pollution. All facilities contributing to the treatment of wastewater and natural waters are also listed in the section. A mandatory element is an indication of measures that contribute to the restoration (reclamation) of land plots, landscaping, their estimated cost.
The calculations should be carried out in strict accordance with the standard methodology, which allows assessing the economic efficiency of environmental protection measures, as well as determining the economic damage caused to the national economy due to environmental pollution.
To summarize
In order to minimize the negative impact of construction work at various levels on the environment, special attention must be paid to preliminary documentation.
Prior to commencement of work, it is necessary to obtain a permit for the release of chemical substances polluting the atmosphere and wastewater. The right to issue such a document has the Ministry of Ecology and Natural Resources of the Russian Federation.
All construction projects and reconstruction of large-scale national economic facilities are subject to mandatory environmental impact assessment. Namely, it is a comprehensive assessment of the possible socio-economic consequences of the implementation of projects, aimed at reducing the negative impact of the planned facilities on the environment.
Such an examination is carried out at the planning stage, which makes it possible to timely identify and eliminate errors in thinking through environmental protection measures.
Note that at each stage of construction, starting with the creation of budget documents, ending with the commissioning of the facility, special attention should be paid to issues related to the protection of the natural community. Only in this case, the ecosystem will not suffer from new roads, enterprises, residential complexes.