School. Restless students. Even in high school, children remain children. Therefore, special attention must be paid to ensure that they comply with safety regulations in chemistry classes, since work on hazardous substances and reagents is carried out in this lesson.
Safety rules at a chemistry lesson are taught to children at the very beginning of familiarization with a new subject. And throughout the school year, the teacher is responsible for how students observe them.
How should the chemistry room be prepared for the lesson?
In the laboratory where the experiments are carried out, there must be a first-aid kit filled with all the necessary medicines, with which you can provide first aid in case of injuries by students. In addition to the first-aid kit, the room should be equipped with a fire shield and a fire extinguisher.
Before the start of the lesson, the teacher must give safety instruction in a chemistry lesson. Also, once a month, students are required to take the test according to the knowledge of safety regulations in the chemistry room. On the briefing and the test, the data are recorded in a special safety journal at chemistry classes. And each student must put his signature, indicating that he is familiar with the rules and agrees to comply with them.
Requirements for personal protection of students
When conducting laboratory work, experiments are sometimes made with alkalis and acids, gases or other hazardous substances. Different heating devices and glassware are also used. For this reason, the risk of injury is very high if safety precautions in chemistry classes and the rules of conduct in the office are not followed.
To do this, the teacher, and the students themselves, must be fully protected in case of unforeseen situations. First of all, clothing should be protected by a dressing gown, rubber gloves on hand, eyes covered with glasses. Shoes should also be comfortable and practical. High-heeled shoes or slipping soles are not allowed.
All experiments should be carried out strictly in the laboratory. In no case should they be carried out in rooms that are not adapted for experiments. Before starting classes, especially laboratory work, it is necessary to carefully check the condition of all equipment, as well as to recall how safety precautions should be observed in chemistry classes. For students, the preparation is to familiarize themselves with the tasks of work.
What happens if a student violates safety precautions in a chemistry lesson?
In the process of experience, the most unforeseen situation can happen. Consider an example case. The schoolboy forgot to close the test tube with the reagent and left it open on the table. What could happen in that case?
In this case, the following events may occur:
- The reagent can evaporate, while producing an unpleasant odor, from which the head can hurt.
- Vapors can enter the respiratory tract and cause irritation of the mucous membrane or toxic poisoning.
- Glassware may overturn, and the solution may fall onto the student’s clothing or skin, which could result in fires or burns.
Who can be allowed to work in the chemistry room?
Safety rules must be observed at a chemistry lesson by everyone in the office, without exception. Only people who have reached the age of 18 and have undergone a medical examination, in particular for allergic reactions to drugs, are allowed to work with reagents.
People who were allowed to work must carefully observe safety precautions in the chemistry room, as well as the routine of classes.
What are the consequences of non-compliance with TB?
No matter how safety precautions are observed in chemistry classes, unforeseen situations still occur.
- Chemical burns as a result of contact with skin or eyes.
- Thermal burns by heating devices or an open flame when heating reagents in flasks.
- Cuts with laboratory tools when used carelessly.
- Toxic poisoning by pairs of reagents, if used improperly.
- Burns in case of fire during inaccurate operation of heating devices.
- During improper use of electrical appliances, there may be severe electric shock.
The rules of conduct in the chemistry room that students must follow
Since there are a large number of hazardous chemicals in the chemistry cabinet, the following rules should be observed:
- First of all, we must remember that students should never be in the chemistry room without a teacher.
- Students are by no means permitted to perform laboratory work.
- The chemistry cabinet should be used only for its intended purpose and in no case should it be reserved for conducting extended-day groups, as well as conducting lessons in other subjects.
- Out-of-school hours, only students who study in a circle or elective in chemistry are allowed to enter the chemistry room.
- In no case is it allowed to take food in the chemistry room and in overalls.
- A chemistry cabinet must be present in the chemistry cabinet ;
- Everyone in the chemistry room must wear personal protective equipment: a bathrobe, gloves, safety glasses, an apron. The dressing gown is necessarily fastened only in front, the cuffs must also be buttoned, the length of the dressing gown must be below the knees.
- Personal protective equipment that is used in the chemistry cabinet is erased, separately from other clothes and linen.
- Everyone who is in the chemistry room needs to follow the rules of personal hygiene and not use other people's objects.
- The chemistry cabinet must have a fire shield and a sandbox, as well as a fire extinguisher.
- In the laboratory it is necessary to have a first-aid kit, fully equipped with drugs for first aid.
- Everyone who is in the chemistry room should be aware of where the fire shield and first aid kit are.
- In the event of an unforeseen event, first of all, it is necessary to notify the school administration.
- Everyone who is in the chemistry room must know how safety is observed in chemistry classes at school, the rules for handling reagents and electrical devices that are used in the cabinet. In addition, everyone should keep their workplace clean.
- Necessarily in the office should be equipped with a "Safety Engineering Corner", in which all the rules of conduct in a chemistry lesson should be present.
Pupils who do not adhere to the rules of conduct in the chemistry room, or if they do not adhere to safety precautions in the chemistry room, shall be disciplined in accordance with internal rules on violation of discipline. And, accordingly , they will take an extraordinary test for testing safety knowledge.
Basic requirements for admission to work in the chemistry room
Students can only be allowed to work in the chemistry room when the following requirements are met:
- Before starting work, it is necessary to ventilate the room to avoid poisoning from possible evaporation of reagents.
- Wear all protective equipment to avoid contact with skin and eyes.
- Thoroughly prepare all necessary equipment for conducting experiments.
How to adhere to safety rules during work?
The teacher must first teach students to adhere to several rules while working:
- When performing work in the laboratory, the workplace should be kept clean.
- In no case should you taste the reagents, nor should you inhale the reagent vapor completely.
- Handle reagents very carefully to avoid skin contact.
- Make sure that the dishes for the experiments were sterile clean.
- All utensils with chemicals should be labeled;
- Flasks with reagents should be picked up, following the rules. That is, with one hand we take the neck, with the other we hold the bottom.
- When pouring reagents from utensils into utensils, make sure that the label is at the top.
- The rest of the reagent is washed off the neck of the dishes only by the edge of the flask into which the reagent is poured
- When using a pipette, in no case should you draw in the reagents by mouth.
- Solid reagents should be taken only with the help of a scoop or other special devices.
- When heating the reagents, in no case should you turn the dishes with the neck toward you or look into it.
- Reagents and acids must not be poured into the sink; all waste is collected in special containers.
- In no case should you make your own dishes for experiments.
- Students should be given reagents only in the amount necessary for the experiments.
What actions are carried out after class
After working in the laboratory, students should prepare an office for the following young chemists. To do this, they must:
- It is imperative to remove your workplace.
- Dispose of waste in a special container for disposal.
- Take off work clothing and protective equipment;
- Wash hands with soap.
- Open windows and doors for ventilation.
What should be done during an emergency?
If during work an accident did happen and someone knocked over the reagent, was injured by a chemical tool, or something else happened, the actions should be as follows:
- If a vessel crashes, fragments should be collected using special items designed for this purpose.
- Spilled reagents are cleaned in accordance with safety requirements.
- If the liquid spilled in the laboratory is highly flammable, dispose of it as soon as possible and immediately call the fire department,
- In case of injury, notify the school directorate, if necessary - call emergency care.
What should be filled first aid kit in the office of chemistry?
This is an essential item in the chemistry room, where the most necessary medicines and antiseptics are stored. The simplest set should be as follows:
- Packing a sterile bandage.
- Packing a non-sterile bandage.
- Packing sterile wipes.
- 50 g of sterile absorbent cotton.
- Tweezers designed for applying tampons.
- 1 bottle of 25-50 ml of glue BF-6, which process small wounds.
- Bottle of 25-50 ml of alcohol solution of iodine, for processing cuts.
- 50 ml of a 3% hydrogen peroxide solution.
- Activated carbon.
- 10% ammonia solution.
- Bottle of 10-20 ml of Albucid 30%. Used when reagent gets into the eyes.
- 30-50 ml of ethyl alcohol.
- 20-30 ml of glycerin for the treatment of burn wounds.
- 200-300 ml 2% soda solution, for the treatment of acid burn
- 200-250 ml of a 2% solution of boric acid.
- 3 pcs. pipettes
- Ordinary and bactericidal adhesive plasters.
- Tourniquet tourniquet.