If the securities are already on the market, then making a report and determining their value will not be difficult and will take about two business days. The stock quote, the issuer and the type of security itself are factors affecting the appraised value.
Nowadays, shared Central Banks are gaining popularity. This is also a stock, and they serve as the main product when working in the market. Valuation of securities, stocks, valuation of equity securities is exactly the same. Depending on their type, income (dividends) is paid :
- ordinary shares, payments are made after deducting all taxes, that is, from profit, and depend on the profitability of the company. Provide the owner with the right to participate in the distribution of profits;
- preferred shares. Here it is possible to pay a smaller amount of dividends, which was previously agreed upon, and does not depend on the profitability of the enterprise. Upon liquidation of the company, the owner can receive his part of the assets of the enterprise, as well as receive a part of the profit (dividends) for the past years. At the request of the owner, they can be exchanged for ordinary shares.
Valuation of securities (bonds, bills, bills and other) is carried out under certain circumstances: obtaining a loan (if securities serve as collateral), forming the authorized capital of the company, buying and selling this asset, determining the value of the company on the market at the moment, issuing the Central Bank ( in this case, the presence of an independent appraiser is assumed).
If the security was not earlier on the exchange and there is no information about it
the value of the purchase and sale, then the assessment of securities passes after a thorough analysis:
- determined by its profitability;
- assessed market conditions at a given time;
- the reliability of the issuer, its stability and financial condition are checked.
Valuation of securities, shares of the enterprise, is to determine the share of the business, which in this case will be expressed in monetary terms.
The share is the issuing Central Bank and provides the right to participate in the management of the company and receive dividends.
Valuation of securities in cash is determined by its issue value (in the primary market), face value (estimated at issue),
liquidation value (when selling a company being liquidated), exchange rate (determines the market), repurchase price (paid for the purchase of securities by the issuer) , the value of the accounting (reflected in the balance sheet of the company), the value of the balance sheet (determined by financial documents based on net profit per number of shares issued).
When working with securities, there is the concept of “quotation of securities”. In this case, price determination is already taking place in three markets simultaneously: exchange, primary and "street". It takes into account the assessment made before the sale, determination of the course, publication and registration of these courses in the newsletters of the exchange and various business publications.
Valuation of securities reflects their liquidity. Liquidity is determined by the speed of sales of the Central Bank on the exchange or outside it at the market price, which directly depends on the issuer of these assets. In Russia, the shares with high liquidity are: OAO Gazprom, AO Norilsk Nickel, AO Mosenergo.