Today, a very topical issue is cancer treatment. Before considering it, it is important to know what types of cancer exist and which of them is the most dangerous for health and life.
Crayfish. General information
Cancer is a serious malignant disease that develops from healthy epithelial cells and can affect any organ or system of the human body. Until today, the causes of the growth of pathological cells have not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, the more we become aware of the facts known in modern medicine, the easier it is to avoid this or find the right way out.
There is a theory that the appearance of cancer is associated with a mutation of body tissues. But this is not proven, like other versions.
The reasons for the occurrence. Types of cancer
Possession of information on the causes can save everyone who is at risk for some reason. Here are a few common reasons that explain the nature of the appearance of foreign cells in a healthy body:
- air pollution;
- genetic abnormalities;
- nicotine use;
- inflammatory processes in the chronic stage;
- viruses and infections;
- alcoholism;
- carcinogens, which are now used in almost everything, and which cannot be avoided.
What types of cancer are there? There are several varieties:
- carcinoma is the most common type of cancer that affects the esophagus, prostate, and mammary glands;
- leukemia - a cancer that is localized in the bone marrow, but gives metastases throughout the body;
- sarcoma is a cancer that arises from cells in the lymphatic system.
Blood cancer. Dangerous view
Blood cancer is also called hemoblastosis. This is a group of diseases of the circulatory system. Among them there are especially dangerous types of blood cancer, such as leukemia, hematosarcoma, lymphoma, angioma, chronic myelogenous leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute monoblastic leukemia and others.
Leukemia is manifested by a violation of the differentiation and proliferation of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow. With this pathology, a large number of cancer cells accumulate in the body, which are not responsible for any function, but only slowly poison the body. More often, leukemia affects people in old age or children under 4 years old.
Genital Cancer Uterine cancer
Genital tumors are malignant formations that can affect the external and internal organs.
Common among women is uterine cancer. Types of uterine cancer affect women from 55 to 70 years old, but there are often exceptions when very young women are examined and they are given a terrible diagnosis - endometrial cancer. There is a hormonal type and autonomous.
- Hormonal is a more “young” cancer, it happens in women under 40 who at a young age suffered from problems with conception, diabetes, hyperglycemia and other problems.
- Autonomous is observed in older women - 60-70 years. In such patients, decreased susceptibility to hormones and the absence of metabolic disorders of the endocrine system are noted.
Gastrointestinal cancer
Tumors of the stomach and intestines are a very common disease. The following types of cancer of the stomach and gastrointestinal tract are known:
- polypoid - accounts for about 6% of all species, and its effect is that cancer corrodes the walls of the stomach. Pathological areas affected by cancer stand out well against healthy tissues;
- carcinoma, cancer-ulcer or ulcerated - accounts for about 36%, clear edges are visible, but practically does not differ from a stomach ulcer;
- partial carcinoma - does not have clear edges, protrudes above the level of healthy tissues and affects large areas of the stomach;
- infiltrative cancer - develops inside the walls of the stomach, it is difficult to make a diagnosis;
- adenocarcinoma - begins from the cells of the mucous membrane, or rather, the glandular epithelium.
And also some types of bowel cancer:
- adenocarcinoma;
- lymphoma
- carcinoma;
- leukomyosarcoma.
Types of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract can produce metastases, but with timely treatment by an oncologist, effective treatment can be carried out.
Lungs' cancer. The most dangerous type of cancer
Lung cancer is a malignant neoplasm that appears from the epithelium of the bronchi. Having found out what types of cancer exist and examined their pathogenesis, specialists determined that a lung tumor is the most life-threatening cancer.
Lungs' cancer:
- central - the main bronchi are affected;
- peripheral - the tumor grows from the alveoli and small bronchi;
- mediastinal - characterized by the rapid appearance of metastases in the lymph nodes;
- disseminated form - a large number of foci of growth of pathological cells in the lung tissue are formed;
- sarcoma;
- tracheal cancer ;
- low grade. This type of lung cancer is one of the most dangerous.
What are the causes of this terrible pathology? First of all, smoking affects the onset of a lung tumor. It doesn’t matter if it’s active or passive smoking. The fact of inhaling carcinogens is the main cause of cancer. The next factor that can cause such types of cancer can be identified contact with poisons, such as nickel, cadmium, arsenic.
Heredity also plays a role in the occurrence of a tumor, along with factors such as radiation exposure, poor ecology, chronic pulmonary diseases and others.
Mammary cancer
What types of cancer do women have? Most often, women are affected by the mammary glands. This disease is leading in the list of the most dangerous and frequent pathologies. Mostly women from 40 to 60 years of age suffer from breast tumors, however, the disease is rapidly becoming younger, and types of breast cancer that affect young girls are already being isolated.
Most neoplasms that are detected by the mammologist or the women themselves can be attributed to benign. These are galactocele, fibrocystic mastopathy and gland fibroadenoma. These types of diseases, cancer diagnosed in optimal terms, are promptly detected by oncologists, and treatment is being carried out, possibly even removal of the mammary glands in order to avoid a second process.
What are the reasons for the development of pathological cell growth in the mammary gland:
- abnormalities in the development of the mammary gland;
- alcoholism, smoking and other bad habits are an important risk factor, given the genetic predisposition of a woman;
- poor ecology, polluted air and low-quality drinking water;
- late birth can also become a trigger at the beginning of the development of pathology;
- long-term use of hormonal drugs and others.
Breast cancer with timely access to an oncologist is treated with the possibility of eliminating recurrence.
Cancer symptoms
The problem is that in the initial stages of development, cancer does not make itself felt, and only early diagnosis will help determine the presence and severity of the pathological process.
Symptoms of cancer are:
- rapid weight loss;
- long time elevated body temperature;
- a state of apathy and constant fatigue for no reason;
- color, shape, size of birthmarks or moles may change;
- ulcers appear in the oral cavity;
- over time, pain increases.
In addition to the main symptoms, specific ones are isolated. Prolonged wound healing may indicate a change in cells in the body, their loss of their function - cancer processes. Atypical discharge or bleeding, as well as problems with urination, may indicate the presence of cancer cells in the body.
Cancer Diagnosis
Today, there are many unresolved issues that oncology poses. Cancer types mutate and become invulnerable. For high-quality treatment, it is necessary to correctly diagnose the disease.
For this purpose, ultrasound therapy, computed tomography, mammography (in order to identify types of breast cancer), an endoscopic method for the diagnosis of tumors in the stomach, esophagus and intestines, magnetic resonance imaging, radioisotope diagnostics and others are used.
Read more about x-ray examination - the main method for the diagnosis of cancer.
Radiography is used at the slightest suspicion of pathological processes in the cells. Using this method, you can examine the lungs, colon, stomach, bones. Recently, special methods have begun to be used - bronchography, angiography, which significantly increase the likelihood of detecting cancerous processes.
Cancer treatment
Over the years, there has been an active discussion and study of drugs for the treatment of cancer. But, unfortunately, medicine has not yet found the only way to cure such patients. Therefore, after the detection of cancer processes, they carry out complex treatment using radiation therapy, chemotherapeutic drugs and surgical methods.
- Radiation therapy of cancer patients: the principle of such treatment is to increase the sensitivity of pathological cells to ionizing radiation. After this procedure, a mutation occurs in diseased cells, and they die. Therapy is not indicated for children, as their cells are still in the developmental stage and are most exposed to radiation. Some types of lung cancer are successfully treated after the procedure.
- The chemotherapeutic effect on cancer cells is very aggressive, and the procedure is indicated only in advanced stages, if other types of cancer treatment are no longer helpful. The dose is selected depending on the weight of the patient, the type of tumor, its position and condition of the patient. Various drugs are combined to maximize the effect on tumor cells.
- Surgical treatment is often resorted to, as this is the most effective and reliable method. Treatment consists in removing the focus of the pathology. But the surgical method will be ineffective if metastases have already appeared in the body.
Severe and most dangerous cancers, such as lung cancer, cannot always be cured. In this case, supportive therapy is used, but the chances that the patient will survive are very few.