Danger: concept, characteristic, types and features, examples

Our life is full of different events and experiences. Each person has an instinct for self-preservation and, at the time of an impending threat, is looking for ways to protect himself. There are sources of danger that we may not even suspect. To preserve life and health, safety is important. Each person reacts differently to circumstances and the world around him. Not many are able to take risks, thereby endangering themselves and violating their safety. This is what distinguishes us from each other. Consider what is included in the concept of danger and safety, what species exist, and what is their feature.

What does this concept mean?

It is possible to consider this phenomenon and characterize it from several sides.

The most common concept of danger is this: events that may possibly occur. However, they will cause terrible or extreme consequences.

In Russian, the concept of danger is necessarily associated with the likelihood of very bad events.

For medicine, this phenomenon is associated with harm to the body. This may be an incorrect or untimely treatment. Various dangerous injuries or worsening conditions, as well as the risk of death.

If they ask: "Define the concept of danger from a technical point of view," then we can say that this is a phenomenon associated with the properties of objects, objects, tools that can harm human health.

Hazard response

It should be noted how a person can respond to a difficult situation. And what changes in the body are possible:

• Great fear and a sense of panic.
• Shock state.
• Discomfort.
• Great tiredness.
• The quality of life indicators are declining.
• Exacerbated chronic and occupational diseases.
• Possible injuries.
• Fatal outcome.

Consider the basic concept. Danger can affect people in different ways. Allocate:

• The minimum. Single deaths.
• Absolute. Death.
• Mortal. 50% of deaths.

Hazard thresholds can also be identified:

• Sharp action.
• Specific.
• Chronic

If you want to define the concept of danger, then the question will surely arise of what is its source.

Identify Hazardous Sources

These include processes that can have a negative impact on a person, nature, objects.

Sources can be divided into:

1. Natural.
2. The actions of people.
3. Combined.

The first category of the basic concept of danger includes:

• Floods.

• Earthquakes.
• Global warming.
• Cosmic bodies.
• Solar Activity.

The second category includes:

• Military conflicts.
• Ecological disasters.
• Man-made hazards.
• Radioactive radiation.

Technogenic sources include:

• Vehicles.
• Equipment.
• Flammable and flammable liquids and substances.
• Chemicals and work with them.
• Work with electricity.

You can also highlight social and political sources.

Social include:

• Adverse conditions of existence.
• Crime.
• Vagrancy.
• Drinking alcohol.
• Prostitution.
• Skirmishes at the international level.
• Strikes, protests.

Political include:

• International conflicts.
• Terrorism.
• Armed conflicts, wars.
• Ideological conflicts.

Combined sources include:

• Natural hazards caused by human activities and natural disasters.
• Social. Epidemics of diseases, infections. Addiction. Oncological diseases.
• Technogenic. Occupational diseases. Massive mental abnormalities. Impact on the subconscious of mass media and special technical means.

Next, we consider in more detail the concept of danger.

Hazard classification

How can this concept be classified? We highlight the main characteristic features:

• Origin. The danger is of natural origin, created by the technological field. It can also be the result of improper actions by a person or group of people.
• Streams of danger. Allowed flows, increased several times, create dangerous situations. They are characteristic of natural disaster areas in an emergency.
• Duration of exposure. The constant influence of negative factors is observed in hazardous production. Periodic effect is characteristic of noisy airports, with vibration of vehicles. Impulse influence is typical for avalanches, thunderstorms, and rocket launches.
• Action areas. Industrial areas, domestic and urban. Also emergency zones, transport.
• Dimensions of zones of influence. Interregional, global, local.
• Size of completeness of hazard exposure. Potential and real.

Be sure with basic concepts you need to consider the influence field of this state.

Danger field

In process of influence, several fields of influence on a person can be distinguished:

• The first field acts on the person himself. This may include the impact of natural disasters, climate, food, the presence of harmful substances in the air. As well as man-made accidents, disasters occurring due to human fault.
• The second danger field affects the sources of the first. Equipment and buildings in poor condition, which are a source of danger. Poor level of training for managers and workers in terms of safe work.
• The third field has no clear boundaries. Employees do not have the necessary safety knowledge. Poor training. There is no effective system for ensuring a safe production process in production.

Impact on human health

Any kind of hazard is harmful to one degree or another. Consider the factors that are of great importance for human life:

• Essential for life. Water, light, air, food, habitat. If you deprive a person of something, death will come. Lack of cause pathology.
• Useful. Solar radiation in moderation. Music, having a partner, exercise and more. If this is not or is not enough in a person’s life, some disease may develop.
  
• Indifferent factors. Do not affect human health.
• Harmful. Such factors cause various diseases, lead to a malfunction in the body. Smoking, carcinogens, harmful impurities in the air, ultraviolet radiation.
• Dangerous. The impact of these factors causes acute diseases, a sharp deterioration in health, injuries, death. For example, moving objects, ionizing radiation.

It is worth noting that the long-term effect of any of these factors can be dangerous. For example, a prolonged exposure to such a harmful factor as a smog on the body can cause a sharp deterioration in the state of health, which can lead to death in the future. The basic concepts of the phenomenon under study include its such forms as potential, elevated and social, more on this later.

Increased danger

A person encounters such a phenomenon quite often, especially when working in hazardous industries.

Consider the concept of increased danger. This includes the operation of vehicles, equipment, explosives, potent poisons, drugs, work with high voltage electric energy, atomic energy, also construction activities, work at heights and much more.

The source may be:

• Physical impact. These are transport, electrical installations, industrial enterprises.

• Physico-chemical effect: radioactive radiation.
• Biological effects: dangerous strains of diseases, dangerous animals.
• Chemical effect: poisonous, explosive, flammable substances.

Public threats

The concept of social danger is as follows. These are actions that harm the interests of criminal law.

A sign is actions that pose a threat or harm public relations that are protected at the legislative level.

The nature of the hazard is determined by:

• Action against a person or object.
• The amount of loss incurred.
• A form of guilt.

It is expressed in the strictest resolution of the criminal code.

The characterization of public danger can be given both qualitative and quantitative.

The quality of the public lies in the nature of the social relations that they are attempting to attack, as well as in the nature of the damage done and the type of attempt.

A quantitative characteristic is the degree of damage. It is determined taking into account the following factors:

• The severity of the damage.
• Method of committing a crime.
• Form of guilt.
• Done with intent or by negligence.
• Motives of the crime.
• Goals.

Potential hazard

The concept is that this is a universal property of all human life processes in both the production and social spheres. All activities are potentially dangerous. It is this conclusion that provides the basis for the formation of a security system:

• No activity can be absolutely safe.
• It is impossible to develop an absolutely safe technique.

Human exposure to adverse and life-incompatible factors is also a potential hazard. All factors are divided:

• Harmful. They cause diseases, affect performance.
• Dangerous. They lead to injuries or a sharp deterioration in health.

Harmful factors can go into the category of dangerous.

If a person engages in a hazardous activity or is in a dangerous situation, but reacts correctly and organizes his work, then the probability of an accident is reduced. It can be concluded that accidents are most often a violation of the rules of conduct of a person in a danger zone or situation. It is important to prevent the potential threat from becoming an accident.

Examples

Having considered the definition of the concept of danger, one can easily give many examples of one form or another of this phenomenon:

• Exposure to external factors in humans, such as too hot or cold air.
• Poisoning by inhalation can cause choking or death.
• With oxygen starvation, brain death can occur.
• Failure to comply with industrial safety regulations increases the risk of personal injury, especially when working with hazardous machinery and machines.
• Solar activity can be useful, but its excess can already be dangerous. It causes cancers of the skin.

Risk

This concept is very similar to danger. How can you characterize the risk? This is the likelihood of an event, a negative situation or an unsuccessful result of industrial or economic activity.

A bad situation may be as follows:

• Loss of personal funds.
• Shortfall in cash.
• Actions that led to losses.
• The failed bargain.
• The lack of the desired result.

Risk assessment is the most popular hazard characteristic.

How to rate

First of all, risks are assessed by the nature of the hazard:

• Technogenic. It is based on human activity.
• Natural. It does not depend on the human factor.
• Mixed. Natural in nature, but associated with human activities.

It is very important to assess the risk depending on the source of its origin:

• Systematic. It does not matter what kind of activity the company is engaged in. It can be currency surges, inflation.
• Specific. Depends on the working methods of the production or enterprise. Ineffective management, underestimation of partners, incorrect calculation of risks.

Depending on the area in which risks are calculated, they are:

• Social. Influence social crises.
• Political. The political situation affects the shortfall in profit or loss.
• Commercial. Associated with manufacturing and finance. Financial, production, economic losses.
• Ecological. Associated with environmental damage.

• Professional. Associated with the implementation of professional activities.

There are also risks:

• Projected. Which can be calculated and predicted based on competition, market conditions, and the economy.
• Unpredictable. Unpredictable force majeure and tax risks.

The concept of danger is inextricably linked to risk assessment as well as safety.

Security

When a person works at the limit of his physical and psychological capabilities, an extreme situation arises. This has a devastating effect on the human body. The concepts of danger and safety are always there. Mankind has developed techniques for ensuring safety at work and interacting with the environment.

Any element from the environment can be protected from dangers. It can be: state, people, society, technosphere. The level of negative influence, if reduced to the limit values, reaches a safety state in which the impact on the object of energies, information, substances does not exceed the maximum permissible values.

To assess the quality of a source of danger, the term safety is used. It has many definitions:

• These are the conditions under which the rights of citizens, facilities, the environment and material values ​​are protected from accidents, disasters, accidents.
• This is when the interests of society, the state, and the individual are protected from existing, potential threats, real or lack thereof.
• For a person, safety is a condition in which neither external nor internal factors cause harm to health, do not lead to death, and are not an obstacle to achieving goals.

The main concept of security is set forth in the law of the Russian Federation. This is a state of protection of the vital interests of the individual, society and the state from internal and external threats. The concepts of danger, safety, risk will always stand by. After all, any business is potentially dangerous, so we think about our safety, not wanting to risk something.