Kremenchug Automobile Plant is a Ukrainian manufacturer of trucks and their components, created in 1958. Further in the article we will consider one of its first models - KrAZ-219: technical characteristics, history, features.
History
The car was developed at the Yaroslavl Automobile Plant to replace the YAZ-210, where from 1957 to 1959 it was produced under the name YAZ-219. On the same chassis, a truck tractor was created under the index 221 and a dump truck - 222. Then the production was transferred to Kremenchug, as a result of which the machine changed its brand, but retained the index. And the first to master the production of a dump truck. In 1963, the KrAZ-219 was replaced by its upgraded version 219B, which was produced until 1965. Then it was replaced by the KrAZ-257.
Features
This car is a heavy Soviet road truck.
It has a frame triaxial design. The wheelbase is 5.05 + 1.4 m, the front track is 1.95 m, the rear track is 1.92 m. Versions 221 and 222 had a shortened base to 4.08 + 1.4 m, compared to the KrAZ-219 . Photos posted in the article show the difference between them.
The car is equipped with two 225 liter fuel tanks.
During the modernization of 1963, the frame was improved, and the electrical system for 12 volts was replaced with 24-volt.
Cab and body
Wooden car cabin with metal plating. Holds a driver and two passengers.
KrAZ-219 has an onboard wooden platform with reclining side and rear sides. Its dimensions are 5.77 m in length, 2.45 m in width, 0.825 m in height. The loading height is 1.52 m.
The overall overall dimensions of the car are 9.66 m in length, 2.65 m in width, 2.62 m in height. The curb weight is 11.3 tons, the gross weight is 23.51 tons. In the curb state, the front axle has a load of 4.3 tons, the rear axle - 4 tons, fully loaded - 4.67 tons and 18.86 tons, respectively.
Engine
KrAZ-219 was equipped with the only power unit YAZ-206A. This is a two-stroke six-cylinder in-line diesel engine with a volume of 6.97 liters. Its capacity is 165 liters. from. at 2,000 rpm, torque - 691 Nm at 1200-1400 rpm.
The updated modification received the same modernized YAZ-206D engine. Productivity increased to 180 liters. from. and 706 Nm.
There were alternative sources of energy. Let's look at what the KrAZ-219 could ride.
There was an experimental diesel trolley truck called DTU-10. Created in UkrNIIproekt in 1961, the machine received two additional traction electric motors of 172 kW each. To supply them with energy, the car was connected to the overhead contact network with current-collecting rods, like a trolley bus. Its carrying capacity was 10 tons.
It is noteworthy that one of the innovations in the field of cargo transportation is the electric road for trucks, created in 2016 in Sweden. A similar transport scheme was tested by Ukrainian designers more than 55 years ago: DT-10 until the end of 60 years. worked on the longest trolleybus route in the world 84 km long Simferopol - Yalta. However, then the car was converted into a regular truck, because due to its low speed it created obstacles for passenger transport on the highway, and the idea did not receive further development for mass use.
In addition, it should be noted that rapeseed oil is currently used as a raw material for the production of biodiesel . In addition, there are descriptions of the use on diesel engines of MTZ and KhTZ tractors of homemade fuel based on it with the addition of methanol and even just used vegetable oil. Therefore, at least theoretically possible operation of the KrAZ-219 in rapeseed oil was possible.
Transmission
The car is equipped with a 5-speed manual gearbox. Dry clutch single disc with spring servo.
Drive - on two rear axles. Transfer case - two-stage.
Chassis
The front suspension on two semi-elliptical longitudinal springs with double-acting hydraulic shock absorbers, the rear - on the balancer type also on two semi-elliptical longitudinal springs.
The ground clearance is 290 mm under both axles.
The steering gear has a worm and a sector design. Equipped with pneumatic booster.
Pneumatic brakes , shoe brakes. In addition, there is a manual brake with a mechanical drive, also a shoe brake, for transmission.
Tires - pneumatic, tube, size 12.00-20 (320-508).
From 1960 to 1962, the development of combined propulsors was carried out, including two pairs of small steering wheels for traveling by rail.
Performance
The vehicle's carrying capacity is 11.3 tons, the turning radius along the track of the front outer wheel is 12.5 m. The maximum speed is 55 km / h. Fuel consumption at 35-40 km / h is 55 l per 100 km.
Application
KrAZ-219 was mainly used for transportation of large and indivisible goods. In addition, he became one of the main heavy vehicles of the army. For example, ballistic missiles R-5 were transported on such vehicles and mounted using copies equipped with a crane, pipes were transported, etc. The KrAZ-221 was widely used for towing TZ-16 and TZ-22 tanker airfields.
Modifications
Various equipment was installed on the KrAZ-219 chassis. For example, the aforementioned transportation at the launch sites of heavy rocket equipment was carried out by cranes. Since 1959, it was a diesel-electric 10-ton K-104 Odessa plant named after the January Uprising. Soon it was replaced by a 16-ton K-162M Kamyshinsky crane plant. There was its civilian modification K-162, as well as a version for cold conditions K-162C.
In addition, the installer of ballistic missiles R-12U was used in the mine on a semi-trailer, which was towed by KrAZ-221.
The above TZ-16 (TZ-16-221 or TZ-16000) was produced by the Zhdanov Heavy Engineering Plant. It includes a steel frame elliptical tank, divided into two compartments of 7500 and 8500 liters, an autonomous GAZ M-20 engine, a gearbox, two centrifugal pumps STsL-20-24, a set of technological equipment (pipelines, meters, filters, fittings, control and measuring instruments, sleeves, etc.), rear control cab. All this was mounted on a MAZ-5204 biaxial 19.5-ton semitrailer. The full length of the road train is 15 m, weight - 33.4 tons.
TZ-22 produced by the Chelyabinsk Machine-Building Plant (later the Zhdanov Heavy Engineering Plant) has a similar design, but a large capacity of 6,000 liters. In addition, it was installed on a biaxial 19.5-ton semitrailer ChMZAP-5204M.
Initially, the TZ-16 was towed by the KrAZ-221 predecessor, the YAZ-210D. Subsequently, both tankers were transferred to the KrAZ-258.
On the basis of this car, an aggregate for aerodromes was created: a vacuum sweeper to remove dust from runways.
At the beginning of the 60's. began to install a car oxygen production station on the KrAZ-219P chassis. DTP is placed in a sealed unified frame-metal body manufactured by PO Box 4111 (hereinafter MZSA).
Finally, on the KrAZ-219 chassis, the first unit in the USSR for the development and repair of A-40 wells, based on the German SALZCITTER lift, was mounted. Such a machine appeared in 1959.