Psychology studies the mental processes, properties and states of personality. The former include the elementary units of the psyche that ensure its functioning. Allocate mental cognitive processes (sensation, perception, memory, thinking, imagination) and attention. The latter is not an independent process, but regulates others, and also realigns the psyche in response to changing environmental conditions.
Mental properties characterize the stable phenomena that prevail in a particular individual: anxiety, suspiciousness, rigidity, lability extraversion-introversion, etc. Under mental conditions mean temporary peculiarities of mental activity, characterizing the attitude of the individual to everything that happens around. The intellectual state of a person is singled out in a special group.
Intellectual are states that arise in the process of mental activity, as well as intellectual emotions. Let us dwell on this in more detail.
Surprise
The intellectual states of man were known in ancient Greece. So, Aristotle believed that in the process of cognition, the transition from simple to more complex things is possible thanks to surprise. This emotion is also valuable because a person understands his attitude to an object or phenomenon without preliminary analysis and evaluations. Such is the intellectual state.
Surprised, people learn something new, make scientific discoveries. After all, what caused surprise contradicts the ideas that a person has, therefore, stimulates the knowledge of the unknown. It is not for nothing that the methods of teaching preschoolers and primary school students are based on the unity of affect and intelligence. Such methods change the intellectual state of a person. Examples: children close their eyes, and the teacher disguises herself as a good fairy; the teacher begins explaining a new topic with a riddle, etc.
There is no emotion opposite to surprise, but surprise itself may be unpleasant in some circumstances.
Thoughtfulness
By thoughtfulness is meant such an intellectual state of a person when he is deep in thought. It is characterized by stillness, inexpressive facial expressions, delayed reactions, monotonous speech.
This state is welcome in situations where you need to solve a problem, cope with a difficult task, find a way out. But excessive self-absorption can lead to unhappiness like a car accident or evidence of mental illness.
Interest
The state of interest is characterized by the interaction of intellectual, emotional and volitional components. The interest is based on the orienting reflex, but these states are not identical. Having oriented in a situation, a person may cease to be interested in it or, on the contrary, the reflex leaves, but interest remains.
Interest in the profession, rather, relates to personal qualities, but awareness of the importance of their work, the desire to improve their qualifications and focus on professional problems require the active participation of intelligence.
In order to avoid professional deformation and narrowing of horizons, professional interest should be combined with manifestations of curiosity in other areas, intellectual responsiveness to the knowledge gained. Thus, the intellectual state of a person is formed. Examples: a preschool teacher is actively interested in theater, a turner acquires driver skills, a programmer masters the basics of web design, etc.
Curiosity
This condition is adjacent to interest. The facts, in relation to which curiosity is shown, capture, contain intrigue, encourage active actions to clarify the situation. Such an intellectual state of a person is characterized by the words “interesting”, “exciting”, “curious”, etc.
There are two varieties of curiosity: self-interest and curiosity. In the first case, the individual seeks to know everything for the purpose of narcissism, is interested in affairs and things to which he has nothing to do. Inquisitive inherent desire to obtain systematic knowledge for good purposes.
Creative inspiration
This condition is a synthesis of emotional and intellectual components. Most often, representatives of creative professions (artists, composers, writers) experience inspiration, but something similar is familiar to each of us. These are the moments of finding a solution to a mathematical problem, a way to fix a non-working machine, course writing, etc.
A state of sudden insight, when it suddenly becomes clear how to act, is called insight in psychology. This is an amazing intellectual state of man. Examples of words that come to mind at such moments: “Eureka!”, “Hurray! Found! "," How I had not guessed before! ".
During an insight, an unusual surge of strength is felt, perception is aggravated, imagination throws up original combinations of images, performance surpasses, everything seems beautiful.
In fact, the state of insight is not at all sudden. It’s just that all the mental work leading to the achievement of the goal took place at a subconscious level, and at the right moment the consciousness received the correct answers.
Monotonia (boredom)
This intellectual state is characteristic of a person deprived of communication with other people or forced to engage in a monotonous routine for a long time. Manifestations of monotony are more characteristic of the inhabitants of the taiga, the inhabitants of the lands beyond the Arctic Circle, but people experiencing boredom are found anywhere.
A person suffering from monotony is not able to establish relationships with other people and organize their activities in such a way as to experience moral satisfaction. Sometimes monotony arises due to the large amount of free time that you do not want to take. Serious troubles, grief, chronic fatigue also cause boredom.
Chronic boredom is one of the problems of modern society. People are increasingly turning to specialists about the fact that they don’t see incentives for life, they don’t know how to amuse themselves. Short-term ways of getting pleasure (cigarettes, alcohol, promiscuous sex, etc.) are used, but they also do not relieve the blues. Identification of personal and socially significant motives, ways to make the work performed attractive, and search for communication partners helps to correct the situation.
Intellectual state of a person: category of condition (examples)
Everything that happens to the individual is indicated by the language units that are used in speech. In Russian, there are words that indicate the intellectual state of a person: "interesting", "clear", "understandable" , etc. They are also called predicates. Some researchers attribute these lexical units to adverbs.
The vocabulary characterizing the intellectual state of a person (category of condition) includes words that are included in the grammatical basis or simply in the composition of impersonal sentences. These words have no specific morphemic signs. For cases, persons, and numbers, status categories do not change. Like adverbs, most lexical units denoting the intellectual state of a person have the suffix -–: “boring”, “amazing”, etc.
In the sentence, the vocabulary of the status category is consistent with proper names in the dative case ( Ivan understood the condition of the problem ) or are used in a generalized sense ( It is clear that we will not be in time for the plane ).
Features of mental conditions
Any intellectual state of a person is holistic, mobile and relatively stable. Manifestations of a condition characterize the psyche as a whole. So, if an individual is confident in his convictions, then he has a system of knowledge, does not doubt that he is right, and shows willpower for successful practical activities.
The mobility of mental states lies in the fact that, although they are longer than the processes, they nevertheless proceed in time, have a beginning, dynamics of development, and completion. Steady states over time become personal qualities (concentration, thoughtfulness, etc.).
Mental processes, states and properties are closely related. In certain combinations, they form the individual appearance of a person.