Sport and physical development are an important part of universal values, which provides the highest degree of health promotion, affecting the spiritual world. Exercise is the main means of developing physical culture. They can be performed at any age, strong and weak, healthy and sick, disabled and people with developmental disabilities.
The foundations of development are laid from birth, therefore, when assessing the health of a growing nation, formation indicators are mandatory. The study of physical health is carried out in newborns, adolescents, adults. It is important to determine the characteristics of generations of different ages.
Basic concepts
What is physical development? One of the most important indicators of health. These are the laws of age development, which determine the level of health and the functioning of all systems in the body. At each age, a person grows according to certain laws, and deviations from the norms indicate existing health problems. The physical development is influenced by the neuropsychic, intellectual state, a complex of medical, social, climatic, organizational, and socio-biological factors.
Over the course of a person’s life, changes in functional properties occur in the body:
- body length and weight;
- lung capacity;
- chest circumference;
- endurance and flexibility;
- dexterity and strength.
Strengthening the body is either spontaneous (natural age), or focused, for which a special program is being created physical development. It includes exercises, good nutrition, the correct mode of rest and work. The level of development is affected by heredity, individual characteristics and capabilities of the human body, living conditions and geographical environment.
Body weight, growth and proportions are programmed by genetic mechanisms, and if properly formed, their change will go in a certain sequence. But there are factors that violate it:
1. External:
- disturbances in intrauterine development;
- adverse social conditions;
- poor nutrition;
- passive lifestyle;
- the presence of bad habits;
- environmental factors.
2. Internal:
- heredity;
- chronic diseases.
The influence of external factors
Physical indicators of development may vary under the influence of external factors. Violation of the activity of internal secretion leads to gigantism, dwarf growth, uneven growth. Rickets, malnutrition, tuberculosis, dysentery are the causes of stunted growth, poor weight gain, weakened muscle tone, poor posture, flat feet. This means that physical development and health are closely related.
To obtain norms in children, certain standards are deduced for each geographical latitude separately. For this, large groups of babies are examined for the same age, gender and nationality. Standards can change under the influence of the material and cultural living standards of the population.
These standards are necessary to assess the development of the child as an individual, as well as children's and teenage groups. Human life is a constant process of change, which consists of the following successive stages: maturation, maturity, old age.
What is a sport?
Sport is an integral part of physical education, which includes exercises to strengthen the body. This is a competitive, game and organizational activity aimed at holding such events. Sport is development, health, life. Every day, his supporters are becoming more, which, of course, pleases. The need for movement and competitions accompanied people at all stages of evolution, so the development of physical culture and sports begins from ancient times.
The basis for the formation of physical activity is the need for fitness activities and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
Sports education
What is physical development and why does a person need sport? It is difficult to overestimate its significance in human life, therefore, love for this occupation must be instilled from childhood. Parents can compensate for the harmful effects of the environment, poor nutrition and psycho-emotional stress by sports. In addition, special exercises will help to correct violations in the physical development of children, in particular problems with the musculoskeletal system and flat feet. Also, training helps:
- gain the missing muscle mass;
- to lose weight;
- fight with curvature of the spine;
- adjust posture;
- increase stamina and strength;
- develop flexibility.
Adolescent development
What is the physical development of a teenager? With the naked eye, you can notice a certain awkwardness in their behavior and awkwardness of the figure. This is a feature of physical development - the tubular bones grow quickly, and the muscles slowly. Therefore, adolescents are so harsh in their movements: they do not know how to coordinate them, thereby bringing a lot of inconvenience to themselves. They do not notice excessive gestures and waving when walking.
Awkwardness, sloppiness and jerky movements increase with overexcitation. Exercise and regular training effectively combat this deficiency. Also, a teenager is able to control his psychological state and movements, which means that it is important to pay great attention to physical development.
A teenager can withstand heavy loads and prolonged stress, which seems impossible. This is explained by great enthusiasm and interest in the work, when fatigue and time are not noticed.
Features of development:
- rapid growth of the heart does not correspond to the growth of body weight;
- changes in the vascular systems lead to a lack of blood flow to the brain, so the teenager feels frequent dizziness and quickly gets tired;
- slow development of the pulmonary apparatus;
- development of the nervous system causes irritability, lethargy, or severe agitation.
Physical education
What is physical development and education? It consists of a set of wellness exercises and measures that affect the strengthening of the body and spirit. The main task of education is health improvement, the formation of economical movements, the accumulation by a person of motor experience from early childhood and its transfer to life.
Aspects of physical education:
- feasible loads;
- outdoor games;
- competent daily routine, good nutrition;
- personal hygiene and hardening.
Why is physical education necessary for the child?
Results from physical exertion can be noticeable immediately and after a while. Parenting has a positive effect on the child’s body, developing its natural data, so that in the future it can more easily endure stressful situations and a change of environment:
- personal qualities develop, temper character;
- a positive attitude towards life is formed, active people always feel happier;
- formed a negative attitude to bad habits.
Physical education, physical development are necessary for the improvement of a person, his personal qualities and harmonious development. This is an important component of every stage of education and training. The system of physical education is classified as a social system, because it achieves socially significant goals necessary for the development of not only an individual person, but the whole society.
Health and Sports
Physical development, health are closely interconnected. An active lifestyle will relieve problems with blood pressure. Without physical exertion, the bones lose their elasticity and become brittle, a fat layer appears, which gains mass with age and becomes the cause of many health problems. A passive person is depressed and emotionally unstable.
Sports should be moderate, and the program of physical exercises should be made taking into account individual characteristics, body capabilities and age. Moderate exercise leads to the development of muscle mass, agility, endurance and flexibility, and excessive stress - to overwork and exhaustion. The cult of health is introduced in many countries; it and the development of physical culture are quite well encouraged by the state financially and morally.
Development groups
Human development and health is not only the presence or absence of any disease, but also harmonious physical development appropriate to age. To determine these criteria, there are special groups of physical development, which are based on the state of health, functional abnormalities, morphological disorders and chronic diseases. The methodology of anthropometric studies is used:
- Morphological signs. Height, weight, chest circumference.
- Functional signs. Muscle strength of the hands, lung capacity, chest excursion.
- Somatoscopic signs. The shape of the chest, spine, legs, degree of fat deposition.
The physical development of children is also determined by biological signs: motility, the formation of the dental system, growth and speech processes, puberty in adolescents.
Survey methods
The program, developed by the International Committee for the Standardization of Physical Readiness Tests, determines the working capacity and physical development of a person. For this, a medical examination is carried out, the reaction of the body and its various systems to physical activity is determined, the body composition is studied according to the correlation with performance.
Two methods are used in the examination - somatoscopy (external examination), anthropometry (measurements).