State property consists of all property that, by right of ownership, belongs to the Russian Federation and its individual entities.
State ownership has several features. The state itself acts as the subject of the right of such property, and property management is concentrated in the jurisdiction of government bodies and specially authorized legal entities as well as individuals.
Public education may exercise the powers of the owner through the publication of legal acts. So, the Russian Federation has the right of ownership to any property, including withdrawn from circulation, and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation - to any property other than that which relates to the exclusive property of the Russian Federation.
State property can be acquired only by methods specific to the state (requisition, nationalization, forced seizure of property on a reimbursable basis, confiscation, taxes, etc.). State property has such a reason for the termination of this right as privatization (the alienation of property from municipal and state property to the private property of legal entities and citizens in accordance with the provisions of the law).
State ownership consists of two parts. The first is distributed state property, by which it is necessary to understand state property assigned to unitary state enterprises and institutions at the operational management or economic management department. In this case, the powers of the owner of the property to order, use and possession are partially limited. The second includes undistributed state property called treasury.
The special position of state property is determined by its very nature, which determines the existence of the state. Funds needed for government spending are acquired in various ways. The two main ones are as follows: the allocation of state property from the public domain, the requirement that citizens allocate part of their property to the state.
State property consists of different types of profitable property: land, industrial, etc.
The legislation calls objects of federal state property objects that are the property of the state; defense industry facilities; objects that are necessary to ensure the activities of federal authorities and the solution of national tasks; objects on which life support of the national economy depends; other objects of strategic importance (pharmaceutical, biomedical, alcohol-producing enterprises).
According to the law, a number of objects related to federal property can be transferred to the ownership of individual constituent entities of the Russian Federation. These include large enterprises of the national economy, healthcare institutions, public education institutions, energy and nuclear engineering enterprises, research organizations, broadcasting and television enterprises, etc.
The protection of state property in the country's policy is one of the most important factors in ensuring its economic independence and independence. The state property management system is aimed at creating powerful economic incentives for the rational organization of the use and further reproduction of state property. Today in Russia there is a problem of the lack of responsibility for the effectiveness of organization and control over the use, transformation and reproduction of state property.