A sudden fire broke out - an emergency situation in which even a trained person can succumb to panic. There are two main tips. Keep calm and keep in mind a clear algorithm of actions in case of fire in a public place. How to act specifically, what needs to be remembered, we will tell in this article.
In a buiding
In case of fire in a school, bank, clinic or other public place, the first thing to do is to do the following:
- Decide if you should get out. To do this, press your hand against the door or iron handle. If they are hot, a flame is raging nearby and the exit is blocked. The door in this situation should not be opened!
- If there is a large concentration of smoke behind the door - you do not see further than 10 m, then going out is also dangerous.
Options for Further Salvation
Depending on whether you can go out or not, the actions in the event of a fire are different. But, in any case, you, if there is such an opportunity, need to report the incident to the fire department as soon as possible by calling 01, 112.
| It is possible to leave the premises | Unable to leave the premises |
- Move away from the source of ignition, focusing on the evacuation plan - both main and siding.
- If possible, turn off the electricity in its path.
- It is best to escape by striding not at full height, but following on all fours. Dangerous to our body combustion products begin to accumulate in the air at the height of human growth.
- Cover your mouth and nose with a handkerchief, napkin, item of clothing, or other improvised means.
- Do not forget to close the doors tightly behind you - this will stop the spread of fire.
- When you get out of the building, do not risk returning back to help those who remain in it - it is more reasonable to inform the fire department about what happened as quickly as possible.
- If rescue work is already underway at the facility, do not forget to inform officials that you were able to get out on your own to narrow the radius of searches for victims.
| - If a fire in a school or other room found you in a closed office, where there is no way to get out, then first of all try not to panic, no matter how useless these words may seem in your situation.
- Cover yourself with a large cloth of dense fabric. Great if you have the opportunity to completely wet it.
- Examine the room for access to the roof or fire escape.
- If there are no ways, then try to protect your shelter as reliably as possible.
- To do this, close the doors tightly, and seal the gaps between them and the jamb with any fabric.
- Close all windows, ventilation grills, vents. An inflow of air will inevitably attract a flame.
- If the room has access to water, then do not forget to keep the floor, the doors wet all the time.
- In the case when the room begins to fill with smoke, it is important to move only on all fours, covering the nose and mouth with a cloth (it is also advisable to moisten it).
- Be near the window, by all means attract the attention of rescuers and passers-by.
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In no case do not break the windows! Violation of the tightness will only cause an increase in the flame force and the source of ignition.
Panic control
All the rules of conduct in case of fire in a public place teach us: do not give in to panic! So called unaccountable fear, the state of the psyche that causes extreme external conditions. All this is expressed in the form of an uncontrolled acute bout of horror, which can affect both one person and a group of people who instinctively try to leave the situation frightening them, to avoid it.
Panic is a phenomenon similar to mass psychosis. It can appear where a sober-minded person does not see a real threat. Consciousness dulls among those who succumb to it, the ability to adequately assess the situation is lost. The most acute panic occurs in children, adolescents, the elderly: lethargy, lethargy, up to complete immobility, are observed. Other individuals, on the contrary, begin to move quickly, randomly.
Another danger of panic, which is important to mention in a memo about a fire in a public place, is its virality. One person should rush off, and all the rest will run after them, which is fraught with stampede, clogging of fire exits. In such a situation, the main thing is to find a sober-minded leader who could organize a team and inspire confidence in him.
In order not to get into trouble ...
The rules of conduct in case of a fire in a public place warn that when entering the room you need, oddly enough, to imagine that a fire could happen. Therefore:
- Entering an unfamiliar building, try to keep in mind the road to the exit.
- Pay attention to the location of the evacuation plan plates.
- Remember where the main and emergency fire exits are located.
- If you are with a small child, hold his hand.
If there was a fire
The rules of conduct during a fire in a public place translate into several vital tips:
- If you heard the cries of "Fire!", Do not give in to panic, forcing and those around you, especially children, elderly people, women.
- As soon as possible, call the fire department yourself or ask for a phone number from others. There may be a fire alarm button next to you.
- Rate the extent of the fire. If you can eliminate it yourself, then you need to organize in search of a fire extinguisher and the fight against the flames of others.
- If the fire is extensive, and the room is filled with smoke, the most important thing is for everyone, keeping calm, to move to the fire exit. Skip ahead of children, women and the elderly. Bring to the senses of those who panicked - someone will come to their senses from the slap. Others need to be led to the exit or restrained from chaotic movements.
- If a crush does occur, bend your elbows and press them to the ribs. Sharply tilt the case back, holding back the pressure on you of the crowd. Try to move forward in this position.
- If you are knocked down, kneel down with your hands on the floor. Having sharply pushed a foot off the floor, straighten the body with a jerk.
- In a crush it is better to put the child on his shoulders or lead him in front of him.
- Never use elevators! Only go down the stairs. Resist the insane desire to escape by jumping from a great height from the window.
- If there is no way to save yourself, barricade yourself in an unoccupied room and wait for help.
Fire in transport
If a fire caught you in a tram, trolley, bus, etc., then the following is important:
- Report the incident to the driver and other passengers as soon as possible.
- Use fire extinguishers and improvised means to fight fire.
- Be careful - metal structures can be live!
- Evacuation in case the doors are blocked is carried out through emergency hatches and windows. By their opening, a visual instruction is presented.
- You can knock out the window with two legs, hanging on your hands on the handrail.
- The salon should be left as soon as possible, since an explosion is possible due to shorted wires or heating of the fuel tank. Protect the airways with a piece of cloth.
Fire Prevention
Any disaster is easier to prevent than to eliminate. Prevention of fires in public places is as follows:
- The room must be equipped with the right amount of fire extinguishers.
- It is forbidden to store flammable liquids in a public place .
- Any electrical appliance must be operated under supervision.
- There should be a systematic check of wiring, outlets.
- Do not use extension cords, splitters. A simple rule: one outlet = one electrical appliance.
- It is forbidden to open fire indoors.
The rules of conduct during a fire in a public place are, in fact, an instruction on how not to panic. It is also important to remember the following: a fire will not happen where you are ready for its occurrence.