Sanitary and epidemiological examination: procedure. Sanitary and epidemiological report

Sanitary and epidemiological expertise is designed to conduct research, examinations, testing, hygienic, toxicological and other types of assessments. It is carried out in order to carry out state supervision of the sanitary and epidemiological condition of products, conduct hygienic monitoring and licensing of controlled facilities.

Like any other examination, it consists of three stages: preparation, main work, conclusion.

The main task of the examination

The work of the sanitary and epidemiological examination is aimed at establishing the conformity or non-compliance of the inspected object with the sanitary and epidemiological rules established by the state.

The task of the examination is to identify compliance with the hygiene standards of the factors surrounding the person. Do the buildings, structures, structures, vehicles, premises and territories that they use comply with the normal conditions of activity for legal entities and individuals?

Hygienic examination works for the benefit of people and checks the quality of products. The processes of its safe production, storage, sale and operation are investigated.

An expert assessment verifies compliance with the requirements established by documents that are adopted in accordance with the legislation of the Russian state.

Objects of sanitary control

The list of objects that are checked by employees of the sanitary-epidemiological service (SES):

1. Land.
2. Water bodies.
3. Objects of social significance for the population (schools, kindergartens, orphanages for children who have become orphans or left without parental care, medical institutions of various types).
4. Organizations whose activities are related to catering and trade (cafes, restaurants, canteens, shops and other institutions).
5. Facilities providing housing and communal services to the population (baths, saunas, hairdressers, laundries, sewage and water supply facilities, facilities for the collection, storage and disposal of waste and household garbage).
6. Apartment buildings and individual construction.
7. Industrial buildings, structures and buildings.

Issues to be addressed during the examination

Conducting a sanitary-epidemiological examination includes the following points of issues considered during the audit:

1. Compliance or non-compliance of design documents with sanitary norms and rules. This refers to projects for the construction, repair, technical re-equipment and reconstruction of capital construction facilities or temporary structures, buildings and structures.
2. The facilities for production and non-production purposes of capital construction, as well as temporary buildings and structures, such as pavilions, container platforms, kiosks and others, comply or do not meet the requirements of sanitary rules and norms.
3. The living conditions of the population meet or do not meet the requirements, including on the territory of individual residential buildings. Sanitary control determines the possibility and safety of people living. The audit is conducted from the position of legislatively fixed requirements in the field of ensuring sanitary and hygienic well-being of the population.
4. The conditions of production activity and production processes meet or do not meet the requirements of sanitary norms and rules. The effect of this production on the environment and the conditions in which the population lives in the impact zone of the inspected object are also checked.

The above issues are far from all that the sanitary-epidemiological examination center decides during the audit.

Examination affects almost all spheres of human life, and regulation in these matters allows sanitary control in each case to individually determine which examination methods should be used and how to solve a difficult situation from the point of view of legislation in the field of sanitary and epidemiological control.

Types of sanitary and epidemiological expertise

Examinations can be carried out in accordance with the inspection plan and unscheduled examinations, as well as an assessment of domestic and imported goods subject to mandatory certification.

Scheduled check

A sanitary and epidemiological examination, called a planned examination, is carried out as a preventive or current control according to the schedule of inspections. It is carried out in order to control the quality of the product according to bacteriological, organoleptic, physical and chemical indicators.

During the scheduled examination control:

1. The quality of newly manufactured products, packaging materials and utensils that come into contact with food products and as a result of chemical reactions can change their quality.
2. Does the manufactured product comply with the formulation, which is agreed with the state hygiene control authorities. Especially these checks are carried out in cases where the content of sugar, salt, acid and water determines the safety and durability of food. A routine check is aimed at determining the residual amount of antibiotics, food additives, pesticides, water and heavy metal salts in foods.
3. In children's educational institutions, medical-prophylactic and other socially significant objects, the quality of cooked food is checked.
4. The quality of food products is checked at the enterprises of the food industry and food products, which are sold in the distribution network.
5. Scheduled inspections are carried out on food products that are particularly perishable products: these are milk mixes, cream-based confectionery, cooked sausages, and dairy products. In this case, the studies are aimed at assessing bacteriological and physico-chemical parameters and at assessing the quality of the heat treatment.

The planning of the sanitary-epidemiological examination is carried out taking into account the sanitary-technical condition of food facilities, as well as the epidemic significance and quality of the manufactured food.

At the studied objects, samples are taken for laboratory research.

Unscheduled inspection of SES

This type of examination is carried out in the event that certain types of products cause suspicion among the employees of the SES. This can be either a private initiative of the sanitary-epidemiological service, or appeals from various organizations and departments.

An unscheduled check is carried out in arbitration mode, by order of higher authorities of the hygiene service, in the event of a dispute between the SES service and an economic entity on issues related to hygiene and epidemiology.

This examination is also carried out on behalf of governing bodies, controlled bodies, on behalf of investigative and judicial authorities, in cases where the competence of a medical doctor is necessary.

Examination Procedure

Sanitary and epidemiological surveillance conducts the examination of goods as follows:

1. Initially, all goods are inspected and evaluated by their external qualities.
2. Packaging with the goods open.
3. Samples are taken for organoleptic studies. Samples are taken in accordance with regulatory documentation.
4. After examining the goods and taking samples for research, an act is drawn up which indicates the composition of the commission, the time and place of the act, the basis for sanitary and epidemiological surveillance, general information about the products (in what conditions the goods are stored, organoleptic research data, the number of unpacked goods) .
5. Indicate in the act general information about the product.
6. Prescribe information about the samples taken.
7. If a conclusion on the quality of the goods can be made without the use of laboratory tests, then the conclusion on the quality of the goods is indicated in the act at the place of its compilation.

If laboratory tests are needed, then they are carried out by accredited laboratories.

SES conclusion

From July 1, 2010, sanitary and epidemiological conclusions are no longer issued. To date, there are two documents in circulation: the expert opinion of Rospotrebnadzor and the certificate of state registration.

Expert opinion of Rospotrebnadzor

This conclusion is drawn up on the same principles as the previous conclusion of the SES. The advantage was that the conclusions of Rospotrebnadzor became unlimited and are voluntary. That is, the conclusion does not include its validity period and the suppliers of goods or manufacturers decide for themselves whether they need this conclusion or not.

Of course, most large companies value their reputation and require suppliers to provide an opinion from Rospetrebnadzor. The customs authorities also require this document in case of doubt about the quality of imported goods into the territory of the Russian Federation.

Certificate of State Registration of Law

This is an official document that confirms the conformity of product quality to the requirements of technical regulations.

The certificate is valid indefinitely, that is, having received it once, you no longer need to worry about a new check of product quality.