Ventilation in a boiler room in a private house: types and requirements. How to make ventilation in the boiler room of a private house

Combustion of fuel in the boiler is accompanied by the release of combustion products into the air in the boiler room. Ventilation in a boiler room in a private house is necessary to protect residents from fire, explosion, carbon monoxide poisoning and other combustion products.

It has special requirements.

Private house boiler room ventilation: requirements

The presence of ventilation does not allow the appearance of back draft, leading to the spread of combustion products in an individual house. The scheme of air circulation in the boiler room is determined by the type of heating equipment.

Requirements for the ventilation of a boiler room in a private house.

1. Air is supplied to the boiler room through special channels or openings.
2. The boiler room is part of the overall ventilation system of an individual house. The air outlet is through the ceiling or the upper part of the wall of the room where the boiler is located.
3. For 1 kW of power of the heating unit, an influx of fresh air through openings with a cross section of 30 cm ² is required when it is supplied from the inside and at least 8 cm ² if the draft is made outside.
4. There should be two horizontal channels on the hood: one for ventilation chimney, and the other (0.25-0.35 m lower) for cleaning it.
5. The distance of the boiler equipment from the walls should not be less than 0.1 m.
6. Hood and air flow are located on opposite sides of the room.

In accordance with SNiP, the ventilation of a gas boiler in a private house must perform a three-time air exchange per hour. Its amount to support combustion is not taken into account.

In accordance with the accepted requirements and norms, the boiler room is created in several versions.

1. Separate building.
2. Annex to the house.
3. Built-in room inside the house.
4. Indoors, for example, in the kitchen.
5. System in the attic.
6. Block-modular system - a container with equipment.

The choice of premises is determined by the performance and dimensions of the equipment.

Gas boilers up to 30 kW can be installed in the kitchen. For liquefied gas, the basement or basement is not suitable. Fuel has a specific gravity greater than air. Gas can accumulate due to leakage in the lower rooms, which is unacceptable.

Requirements for the boiler room:

• floor area not lower than 15 m ² ;
• room height from 2.2 m;
• the presence of a window with an area of ​​3 cm ² per 1 m ³ of boiler room volume;
• the window should open or have a window.

Natural ventilation

Ventilation in a boiler room in a private house is mainly done on natural draft. Air may enter under doors or through channels in walls. The supply air with a boiler power of up to 30 kW is made with a diameter of not more than 15 cm and is located no higher than the working zone of the boiler. It contains a pipe made of plastic, which is closed with a mesh on the outside, and is equipped with a check valve on the inside to prevent air from entering the outside.

The exhaust hole is located above the boiler, at the top of the room and can be equipped with a check valve. Then the air will not enter the room from the outside. The pipe is easy to install with your own hands. A metal rain umbrella is attached to it from above.

A big disadvantage is the lack of control over air exchange, which also depends on the temperature of the environment, wind strength and atmospheric pressure.

Forced ventilation

For powerful boiler rooms, forced draft ventilation systems are mounted. Fans with characteristics corresponding to flow areas are installed in the ducts. The extraction power is taken with a margin of 25-30% in relation to the maximum load. The length of the duct, the cross section and the number of bends are also taken into account.

The case in which the fan is installed must be reliably protected from corrosion and fire. For this, reliable coatings, aluminum or copper alloys are used.

Forced traction is expensive in terms of equipment and energy costs. Energy consumption can be reduced by using only discharge or exhaust. But a truly ventilation system is only effective when fans are blowing and drawing air.

The boiler room needs an automation system. It not only provides a safe mode of operation of the equipment, but also reduces gas consumption, reducing its consumption when it is not necessary.

Boiler room ventilation in a private house: rules and regulations

The basic rules related to boiler room ventilation are as follows.

1. The location of the inlet of the exhaust duct is at the top.
2. The presence of an additional channel for cleaning the exhaust pipe.
3. Ensuring fresh air through the ventilation duct or under the doors.
4. If air is supplied from the street, the air size per 1 kW of power is at least 8 cm ² , and for inflow from other rooms - from 30 cm ² .

Chimney for the ventilation of the boiler room

Ventilation in the boiler room in a private house is equipped with a separate chimney, not associated with the exhaust of the heating system. Separate rules and regulations have been developed for him.

1. Combustion products from the firebox are not allowed to enter the room. The diameter and length of the exhaust pipe are determined by the power of the boiler.
2. To create the necessary draft, the outlet of the chimney must rise at least 2 m above the ridge of the roof.

Calculation of the ventilation system

A 3-fold air exchange per hour is achieved in a boiler room with an optimal height of 6 m. Due to the fact that it is difficult to provide it in a private house, air exchange is increased by 25% for each meter of height reduction.

A simplified calculation of the boiler room ventilation includes the following parameters:

• volume v = b * l * h, where b is the width, l is the length, h is the height of the room;
• air flow velocity w = 1 m / s;
• the coefficient of increase in the rate of air exchange k = (6-h) * 0.25 + 3.

Calculation Example

The dimensions of the boiler room are 3x4x4.5 m.

We determine v = 3 * 4 * 3,5 = 42 m ³ ; k = (6 - 3.5) * 0.25 + 3 = 3.6.

For 1 hour, natural ventilation ensures the passage of air in an amount of V = 3.6 * 42 = 151 m ³ .

The cross-sectional area of ​​the chimney duct is S = V / (v * t) = 151 / (1 * 3600) = 0.042 m ² .

According to this indicator, you can choose the closest inner diameter of the hood from the standard series d = 200 mm. The same section should have a supply hole.

When the ventilation shaft is installed, when its flow area is less than the calculated one, forced ventilation is done to compensate for the missing capacity.

Features of installing a ventilation system

With natural ventilation, the air channels are placed only vertically, not lower than 3 m. For forced, you can set horizontal sections, but without turns.

Any homeowner is interested in the question of how to make ventilation in the boiler room of a private house better? The best option includes both ventilation methods. When one of them fails, you can use the other. In both cases, it is necessary that the incoming air volume is equal to the leaving air, which is ensured by the operation of fans and dampers. But it is important here to ensure the required system performance.

The arrangement of equipment should be carried out in accordance with SNiP. When using solid fuel boilers, additional fans should be installed at the site of soot.

Installation of natural ventilation

Supply ventilation in the boiler room of a private house is as follows.

1. A pipe is applied to the wall and its dimensions are noted.
2. A channel with a slope of 6 ⁰ outward is drilled for the condensate drain with a puncher.
3. A pipe with a gasket of a heater and a grille on the outside is inserted into the hole.
4. A body with a check valve is mounted on the wall with dowels.

Exhaust ventilation is done in the same way, only the pipe is installed vertically.

Installation of forced ventilation

The presence of a fan significantly improves system performance. Supply ventilation is easy to install.

1. A diamond hole or perforator makes a hole in the wall with a slope towards the street.
2. A pipe is installed in the hole. Slots are foaming.
3. Installing a duct fan.
4. Wiring is laid and connected to power the fan motor.
5. Sensors, silencer and filter are installed.
6. Grids are attached at both ends of the pipe.

Exhaust ventilation is installed in the same way, only the air should be drawn out and not forced.

Conclusion

Ventilation in a boiler room in a private house must fully comply with the requirements and standards. All of them are aimed at ensuring safety in the house. The best option is a combined system that can work on the scheme of natural and forced ventilation.