The life of a modern person takes place in houses and apartments. In every environment, there are many dangers that can harm yourself and the room. That is why safety at home is important, which must be observed by adults and children.
Hazard types
Dangerous situations that can occur indoors include:
- fire: occurs due to negligence or defects in wiring, appliances;
- gas explosion if a leak occurs;
- shipments by gas or chemical components;
- exposure to electric current.
In addition to these factors, there may be flooding due to a malfunction in the water supply. In villages, carbon monoxide poisoning often occurs , which is associated with heating the stove. If safety rules are violated, liquefied gas cylinders may explode.
Causes of dangers
Adverse situations are often associated with non-compliance with human safety rules. Common causes include:
- negligence;
- violation of the instructions for using the devices;
- careless handling of fire.
To avoid dangers, it is important to observe safety measures at home. Moreover, children should be taught to them from childhood.
Electrical appliances
Often, even with the use of a familiar device, there is a danger to life and health. This can be observed due to violation of the rules, as well as other factors, for example, increased voltage in the network, leakage of the tap.
To know how to prevent dangerous situations, you must follow simple safety rules. This applies to the entire surrounding house. There are also recommendations for those cases where it is necessary to reduce the negative consequences in the event of dangers.
How to use electrical appliances?
Fire safety at home involves the implementation of the rules for the use of electrical appliances. An electric current passing into the human body heats it and forms a burn. The consequence may be damage to internal tissues. It also causes heart failure or breathing.
To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to observe the fire safety rules in everyday life regarding the use of electricity:
- no need to use broken or faulty appliances;
- it is forbidden to leave equipment turned on unattended;
- do not include multiple devices in 1 outlet;
- it is important to observe the sequence of connecting the equipment to the network: first, the cord is connected to the device, and then to the network;
- technology shutdown occurs in the reverse order;
- do not touch the operating device with wet or damp hands;
- if there are malfunctions of the device, it must be discarded or returned to the master for repair.
It is forbidden to extinguish with water electrical appliances that operate on the mains. These simple rules will help to avoid many unpleasant situations.
Rules for using a computer
Safety at home involves the proper use of a computer. This technique is an indispensable thing at home, but due to illiterate handling, there is a risk of harm to health. The rules for using a computer include the following:
- the monitor should be at the level of gaze;
- Do not work in a darkened room;
- children can be at the computer no more than 25 minutes;
- after each lesson you need to charge.
For adults, the same rules apply. Using them will prevent harm to health.
Household gas properties
Many homes have gas stoves used for cooking. It is important for adults and children to observe basic fire safety measures in everyday life. Constantly used electrical appliances: irons, lamps, televisions. This technique works from power outlets and switches.
Household gas is used not only for cooking, but also for heating water. To do this, stoves or columns are installed in the houses. Gas is liquefied and main. It is colorless and odorless, and special substances with a specific smell are used to detect leaks.
Rules for the use of gas appliances
Due to gas leakage, human poisoning and explosion may occur. To prevent this, the safety of a person in life is important:
- to ignite a gas burner, a match is first brought up, and then the gas tap opens;
- operating burners should not be left unattended;
- it is important to control that the liquid does not flood the flame;
- if the burner goes out, do not light it again: turn off the stove, open the windows for thorough ventilation.
Even a standard gas stove can cause a lot of trouble if you do not follow simple safety measures. Because during combustion, gas releases toxic components into space. Therefore, when burning gas, the window should be open, and the door in the kitchen should be closed. The flame at the burner should be blue without yellow and red hues.
Kettles and pans with a wide bottom should be placed on a high stand, otherwise there will be a reduction in air access to the burner and incomplete gas combustion will occur. Work with such devices is prohibited for preschoolers, as well as for people who do not know the rules for using equipment.
Gas devices must be clean and serviceable, because then their normal operation is ensured. During freezing, there is a risk of bursting of underground gas pipelines. Gas has the property of spreading over long distances, including in non-gasified rooms. Therefore, open fires should not be used in basements. If there is a smell of gas in the entrance, apartment or basement, then you should inform about it by number 04. Until the emergency service arrives, you should not allow open fire, ventilate the room.
It is necessary to save gas. It should not be allowed its long work without utensils. It is important to control the flame of the burners, for example, after boiling water, you need to reduce it. If there are burners of different capacities, then use large cookware only in rare cases. Due to prolonged boiling of water in the teapots, scale is formed. In the process of cooking, it is necessary to cover the dishes with lids, which helps to save about 15% of gas.
Gas Leak Guidelines
If a gas odor has been detected, turn off the stove. Then you need to turn off the gas tap. Avoid actions that cause sparking or an increase in air temperature.
It is forbidden to touch the electrical switches, as this causes a spark. It is important to provide ventilation through open windows. The room must be vacated and an emergency service called.
Mercury devices
Household safety requires the proper use of mercury-based appliances. This substance is in fluorescent lamps, thermometers, pressure measuring devices.
Thermometers are in every home. Since they are made of glass, they easily break with a fall. Mercury rolls out to various parts of the room. Lamps are often disposed of with ordinary garbage, where they break in the tanks and the vapor enters the atmosphere.
Negative mercury properties
This substance is a heavy silvery liquid metal. In small quantities, it looks like moving balls. Because of this, mercury passes through floor gaps, into furniture, walls, and accumulating, it causes air pollution.
Mercury freezes at -38.9 degrees. Its evaporation occurs at room temperature, and the vapors are colorless and odorless. The substance enters the body through the lungs, stomach, and skin.
Mercury vapors are hazardous. With chronic poisoning with a substance, a metallic taste appears in the mouth, friability of the gums, intense salivation. Such poisoning can be obtained in any room where mercury is in contact with air. Small droplets of mercury penetrated under furniture or linoleum are very dangerous. Their evaporation is very fast.
When inhaling dangerous air in children, severe pneumonia develops after a few hours. Symptoms include cough, shortness of breath, temperature. Severe poisoning causes pulmonary edema. Often manifested diarrhea, drowsiness, nervous excitement.
What to do when spilling mercury?
Household safety rules will help you learn about the effects of a mercury spill. The most dangerous are the particles that penetrated under linoleum, furniture, baseboards. If the device falls, and it crashes, then you need to carefully collect the visible particles in a sealed bubble, treat the place with a rag soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate.
After this, it is important to contact a specialized agency, which will check whether there are any harmful substances in the room. If they are present, that employees carry out their elimination. It is advisable not to use mercury fluorescent lamps , since one broken device has a high vapor index, which is unacceptable for humans.
Human security is important in any room, since compliance with the rules reduces the risk of adverse situations. The implementation of simple recommendations will help to ensure a comfortable life for yourself and your loved ones.