In order to avoid accidents and even deaths, the rules of conduct at school in case of fire must be strictly observed. According to statistics, only in the capital of the Russian Federation in 2014 there were 30 major fires and ten of them in schools. In 2015, 6 such fires caused great material damage. The main cause of fires is the careless handling of fire by students. As well as ignorance of the operation and device of electrical appliances and fire safety rules.
Why are there fires?
Fires occur due to careless handling of fire and explosive substances. The cause may be a malfunction or short circuit of electrical appliances. For example, if a large number of such devices are included in one outlet. Fires result from deliberate arson. The cause of the fire can be lightning, a malfunction of the lightning rod or a game with matches. Sometimes - the exposure of the room or substances from sunlight.
What you need to know about evacuation in advance?
The rules of conduct for students in case of fire at school prescribe knowledge of escape routes. All teachers and students must be prepared for extreme situations. The school administration must have an evacuation plan in advance. Before the fire, all actions in case of fire are practiced with children in a training version.
First fire actions
The rules of conduct during a fire at school include the first steps that must be taken when a fire occurs. As soon as a fire occurs, you need to turn off the power switch and gas with the switch. If electrical appliances catch fire, disconnect them from the mains and cover with a wet blanket. Then you need to tightly close the doors and windows to block the access of oxygen. At low fire - try to extinguish the flame with a fire extinguisher. It is important to remove young children and the elderly from the premises.
When evacuating from a fire place, only the most important things (documents, money, valuables) are taken with them. Do not use the elevator. For descent, you need to use the stairs. It is important to protect your breathing from smoke. With its large content in the room - to get to the exit crawling. The front door should not be locked.
Rules of conduct for children in case of fire at school - how and where to report?
As soon as a schoolboy has discovered a fire, it is necessary to immediately inform the adults (teachers or security guards) or call firefighters. To do this, 101 is dialed on city phones, it is 112 on mobile phones. Before you call, you need to calm down. Information is provided to the dispatcher:
- address of the fire and school number;
- how strong a fire, that is, the degree of danger to human health and life;
- in what room is the fire raging;
- what exactly burns and how much;
- any information about the fire (damaged wiring, flashing lights, etc.);
- Name and number of your phone.
After the call, the phone cannot be turned off, as the dispatcher can call back to ask clarifying questions. If the conversation is over, it is reported that the security services have already left. If possible, it is better to wait for the firefighters and show the place of ignition and show them a short way.
Rules for safe behavior in a fire at school: first steps
You can’t panic. Pupils line up at the command of the teacher in a column of two people and leave the building along pre-worked tracks or through emergency exits. But always under the guidance of teachers.
Class teachers should bring along a training journal. The most trained boys, physically strong, are placed in the closing columns. The column of schoolchildren should move quickly, but not by running.
Evacuation Message
The rules of conduct at school in case of fire prescribe clear actions during evacuation. This is the removal of people from the building. You can not shout "fire!", As this can lead to panic. And as a result, human casualties, although there was no direct threat to their life.
There are several ways to report a fire:
- voice notification;
- alarm by hand call;
- pressing the panic button;
- using a loudspeaker broadcasting throughout the building (the text must be prepared in advance).
Fire evacuation
The main escape routes are fire exits. With smoke, children are transferred to the opposite part of the building with the subsequent withdrawal of schoolchildren. High school students are allowed to assist teachers in the evacuation of primary school (to help get dressed, calm, etc.).
The rules of conduct at school in case of fire state that the collection of children is carried out in a certain place, which must be agreed in advance. Most often this is the school yard. Children line up in classes, and the roll call begins in the study journal. If someone is not there, then firefighters are urgently informed of this. Pupils removed from fire and smoke should be placed in premises prepared in advance for such an event.
If people cannot get out of a burning building
If teachers and students were cut off from the exit, then you can not try to slip through the fire. It is necessary to find a free room (with windows) from smoke (or with its smallest content). Then isolate the room. To do this, rag all the cracks and ventilation grills. If possible, wet the matter in advance. For rags, you can use curtains or clothes.
The rules of conduct for students in case of fire at school: in no case should you open the windows. This can only increase traction, and the fire, having received an additional portion of oxygen, will flare up with renewed vigor. If you still get smoke in an isolated room, you need to lie on the floor and breathe through a wet cloth. If not, then cover respiratory organs with clothing. Windows can only be opened by seeing firefighters. And screams should attract their attention.
Fire extinguishing means available
Before the arrival of firefighters, you can try to extinguish the fire with improvised means. For example, organize the supply of water from a tap or use fire extinguishers. But the rules of conduct at school in case of fire say that you can put out a fire on your own only if it does not pose a threat to the health and life of people and a fire is clearly visible. Otherwise, carbon monoxide poisoning may occur. Even 0.1-0.5 percent of its content in the air can lead to loss of consciousness and even instant death.
Moreover, the approach to the fire should be safe. If it has already flared up quite strongly, then putting it out yourself is useless. In this case, you need to try to block the fire access to oxygen, close all doors and windows, turn off the electricity and try to leave the room as soon as possible. If the oxygen level in the building drops to 17 percent, then combustion stops.