Flood control measures. Population Alert

It is worth starting with the definition of flood. It represents a phase of the water regime of the river. This is a periodic short-term rise in the water level in rivers, which is caused by the strong melting of glaciers, snow, and heavy rainfall.

The main difference between the flood and the flood is the period of occurrence, namely, at any time of the year. Heavy floods can cause flooding. During its movement along the river, a flood wave forms.

Why are floods dangerous?

They are regarded as a problem on a national scale, since during their onset several hundred settlements, kilometers of agricultural land, thousands of farm buildings each year are under the threat of another flooding. If a natural cataclysm fails to significantly counter modern technology and the achievements of science, then the consequences can cause enormous material damage, even lead to death of people.

Flood control measures

Natural, embossed, natural methods of protection are not enough to withstand the influx of water. To ensure the safety of territories that are located on the site of potential flooding, various designs are used that can prevent it.

The following flood control measures are available:

1. Coastal fortification system.
2. Organization of pools that hold water.
3. The construction of dams.

The listed buildings are an integral component of infrastructure, natural landscape, city landscape.

The flood control measures presented are associated with significant financial investments. In this regard, the question always remains relevant regarding the search for such a solution to this problem, which would make it possible to combine operational efficiency with economic benefits. The best example is composite sheet piles. Their use allows us to guarantee constant reliable protection against such natural disasters as floods, while the pristine landscape is preserved (bulky structures are absent).

Flood Protection: Measures

Under these conditions, the main task of all levels of bodies and local self-government, and civil defense and emergency departments is to prevent (minimize) the consequences of flooding, to protect both the population and important objects of the economy.

Flood protection is achieved by taking appropriate measures, which are divided into technical (preventive) and operational (urgent). The latter as a whole do not solve the whole problem, they must be carried out together with the technical ones. The latter are of a precautionary nature. To implement them, you will need early design, construction of special facilities, which involve significant material costs.

Flood control measures

These include:

• river flow regulation;
• collapse;
• discharge of flood waters;
• dredging, straightening of river channels;
• regulation of surface runoff spillways;
• construction of special shore protection structures;
• restriction of construction work in areas of alleged flooding;
• land plot development, etc.

Past experience in conducting these activities in our country has shown that the most reliable protection of territories (floodplains) from floods, as well as a significant economic effect, can be achieved only by using the entire range of measures: active protective measures (regulation of the drain), passive (deepening, collapsing and etc.).

Factors affecting the choice of protection methods

There are at least six of them:

• hydraulic regime of the watercourse;
• engineering-geological, hydrogeological conditions;
• location of economic facilities undergoing flooding;
• terrain
• the presence of engineering structures on the floodplain and in the channel (dams, roads, dams, bridges, water intakes, etc.).
  

The main areas of action in case of a threat of flooding

They are:

1. Analysis of the situation with the identification of sources, predicted timing of flooding.
2. Estimation of the estimated extent of flooding.
3. Development of measures to prevent it.
4. Planning, preparation of emergency rescue operations on the territory of alleged flooding.
5. Carrying out flood control measures.

Most often, flood control commissions are formed at all levels at the decision of local self-government bodies, their chairmen are usually the first deputies of all heads of administrations.

Flood Control Commissions

When threatened by flooding, they carry out their activities in standby mode. These commissions carry out the following flood control measures:

1. Round-the-clock monitoring of the flood situation in the assigned area of ​​responsibility using Roshydromet posts and own observations.
2. Maintaining constant communication, exchanging information with emergency commissions, operational duty departments of civil defense, emergency situations.
3. Conducting trainings in flood protection topics, the organization of training for the population on the rules of conduct, actions during an impending flood.
4. Sending reports to higher authorities.
5. Clarification, adjustment of flood control plans, based on the prevailing situation.
6. On the basis of the decision of the head of the local government, the organization of round-the-clock duty of rescue forces, means is carried out.
7. Clarification of areas of temporary resettlement of residents whose houses were flooded, destroyed, the organization of the preparation of public buildings (clubs, schools), tent camps to accommodate the evacuated.
8. Evacuation routes are being developed.
9. It provides for the evacuees to be provided with everything necessary.
10. Coordination with the territorial bodies of the Russian Ministry of Internal Affairs, local self-government of the procedure for the protection of property, which turned out to be in the flooded zone.
11. Organization of round-the-clock duty monitoring of changes in water levels in all flood sources.
12. Participation in the organization, equipment of bypass roads to replace flooded roads.
13. Control the strengthening of already constructed dams, debris, the construction of new ones.
14. Organization, maintenance of interaction with the bodies of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, departments of Roshydromet, the All-Russian Service for Disaster Medicine.
    

Population Alert

The occurrence of panic among the population acts as a concomitant factor of all emergencies. It is very difficult to predict the results of such moods among a significant mass of the population; they reinforce the negative consequences of emergencies.

In order to reduce them and organize measures aimed at ensuring the vital functions of the population, the infrastructure of settlements, warning signals have been introduced that are transmitted in advance, and the procedure for informing about them.

Alert the population about emergencies - their warning regarding an impending flood (earthquake, forest fire, etc.), the transfer of information about the accident, a disaster. For this purpose, all existing means of wired radio and television communications are used.

In our country, a fairly efficient broadcasting network is widespread. There are radio broadcasting nodes in all cities, large settlements. More than half of enterprises, educational institutions, agricultural facilities have local radio centers. They are supplemented by a powerful system of regional, regional, republican television centers, repeaters, local and broadcast radio stations.

The public is notified of emergencies through sirens, wire broadcasting networks, television and radio broadcasting for 2-3 minutes.

The first ones are intended to signal the population “Attention to everyone!”. This signal attracts people's attention to the need to listen to further basic, emergency warning signals for civil defense. It lasts no more than 165 seconds.

For these purposes, the sound of vehicles and industrial enterprises can also be used. Also quite effective means of warning people outside the home are street loudspeakers.

Rural settlement: flood protection measures

Most floods, floods, floods can be predicted, reduce losses from them. To do this, the following flood control measures are carried out in a rural settlement:

• the created flood commission checks dams, dams, various kinds of special equipment;
• it informs the population of an imminent threat;
• if necessary, the flood commission develops engineering work (for example, embankments are erected, special drainage channels are excavated, etc.);
• she plans escape routes.

Construction site: flood protection measures

In case of a flood, rescue teams that are equipped with watercraft are used to carry out rescue operations. They are searching for victims, those who were in the flood zone, providing them with first aid, and their evacuation to safe places. At present, it is already possible to predict the period of the onset of the flood, its nature, and then organize the necessary preventive measures.

All flood control measures at the construction site should be provided at the design stage of the construction of a particular facility. Dams, temporary special enclosing lintels are erected on it in order to continuously build the main structures to a certain mark. Each leader is personally assigned areas of responsibility. Also, 24-hour water lift monitoring should be carried out.

The amount of funds for the implementation of flood control measures is established on the basis of specific data of the project for the organization of the corresponding construction. In the event that flood protection measures are required at the construction site, funds for these purposes are established by estimates on the basis of design materials.