The fire hazard is increasing daily, because both in everyday life and in industrial enterprises a large number of flammable compounds and materials are used, including natural gas, oil and products of its processing. High risk is created by energy-intensive and complex technologies, worn-out buildings, communications, structures, equipment. For many enterprises in this regard, special fire safety requirements are being developed.
Causes of Fire
Fires at enterprises are usually caused by violations committed during the design and construction process. Of no small importance is the non-observance of simple safety measures by the personnel themselves, careless handling of hazardous substances and fire. Often violated the rules of operation of electrical installations and electrical equipment. The insufficient level of training of employees of enterprises and the population, the inability to quickly evacuate, prevent the spread of flames, and localize its foci leads to a large number of accidents and causes significant property damage.
Volunteer Fire Department
This is a specially formed socially oriented association. It is created at the initiative of organizations and citizens. Its activity is regulated by 100- "On voluntary fire protection". Associations are formed to participate in the prevention or elimination of fires, as well as the implementation of emergency and rescue measures.
Structure
100- "On voluntary fire protection " provides for the possibility of recruiting special units. They are teams and squads. The latter are an object or territorial unit. The teams are directly involved in extinguishing fires. They do not have mobile weapons. Teams are also directly involved in quenching. However, these units have mobile weapons.
Tasks
The Federal Law "On Voluntary Fire Protection " contains a list of functions performed by units. They carry out:
- Prevention of fires.
- Salvation of citizens and wealth, assistance to victims.
- Extinguishing.
- Rescue activities.
Workers rights
They are also established by the Federal Law 100 "On Voluntary Fire Protection ". Employees who have established positions, staff members of teams or squads have the right to:
- Guarantees to protect health, life in the course of fulfilling their tasks
- Compensation for damage incurred in the performance of duties. Compensation for damage is carried out in accordance with the rules established by law.
- Participation as part of a squad / team or on their own in extinguishing or preventing fires, performing emergency rescue measures, and providing assistance to victims.
- Informing about violations of regulations, rules in the field of fire safety of local authorities or units of the State Service.
- Submission of proposals to territorial self-government bodies and authorized institutions aimed at increasing the level of protection against fires within the boundaries of rural and urban settlements, at inter-settlement areas and in organizations.
- The implementation of the necessary actions related to ensuring the safety of citizens and saving material assets, while extinguishing fires directly and conducting emergency work, in accordance with the law.
Unit employees are provided with the necessary personal protective equipment. They are given fire equipment for use in directly extinguishing fires. Funds are provided in the manner determined by the federal executive institute of authority having the authority to solve security tasks.
Responsibilities
The Federal Law "On Voluntary Fire Protection " imposes a number of requirements on employees of associations, members of squads and teams. They should be fixed in the charter or regulation on the activities of units. Voluntary fire protection is formed from citizens with the necessary knowledge in the amount that is provided for in the initial and further training program. Workers are on duty (duty) on schedule. According to him, citizens arrive at the place of call upon receipt of the corresponding message (about a fire or emergency). Voluntary fire brigades should be involved in extinguishing and assisting victims. If there is a need to be on duty during working or school hours, the schedule is agreed with the head of the educational organization or enterprise where a member of the team or team is working, and approved by the head of the unit. The employees from whom voluntary fire protection is formed are required to follow the procedure established by the charter. They must comply with the rules of OT, observe discipline. Workers are required to keep fire equipment, tools, personal protective equipment and equipment in good condition. Members of teams and teams must comply with the lawful orders of the chiefs and the head of the fire fighting.
Security
Voluntary fire protection is financed and receives material and technical equipment at the expense of its funds, donations, contributions, contributions of the founders. State authorities and territorial administrations may provide additional support to the association. Financing and logistical support may also be carried out at the expense of other funds not prohibited by law.
Personnel
It includes employees of voluntary protection who are in the positions established by the staff list. As a member of the squad / team, an individual who has reached the age of 18 years, capable of fulfilling the corresponding duties due to health reasons, may act. Suitability for carrying out activities related to extinguishing fires or performing emergency rescue measures. For personnel, the founders may provide for a special uniform and insignia.
Training
Volunteer firefighters and employees of units that do not have special vocational education must undergo mandatory training. The briefing is carried out according to the programs of initial and subsequent vocational training. They are developed and approved by executive authorities authorized to solve problems in the field of fire safety. Initial and further training of employees is carried out in units according to the rules established by the head. When approving them, the features of protected structures and other facilities, the specifics of rural and urban settlements, and inter-settlement plots should be taken into account. Training can be carried out on the basis of training points (centers) of the State Service and other organizations that have an appropriate license for training. Individuals who are part of the local public administration, or citizens who participate in associations created to solve various social problems at the place of study / work, also receive briefings. Their preparation is carried out in the amount provided for voluntary firefighters.