An emergency (emergency) is a condition in which a mechanical or other effect is exerted on any object. An example of this may be a violation of the normal conditions of existence in a particular territory or water area. Such changes interfere with people's activities. In addition, a threat arises over their health and comfortable living conditions. The property of the population is damaged, the conduct of the national economy and the environment are also violated.
Emergency sources
Under the sources it is customary to call any natural phenomenon, accident or man-made incident. Also, the concept of "emergency" combines infectious diseases of people, animals and plants. In addition, if a mass means of destruction is used, then its effect can be called precisely this case.
Emergency Classification
Emergencies are classified by a large number of symptoms. The most common are considered variants of origin. They are divided into technogenic, man-made and natural. Emergencies are also broken down into the types and types of events that underlie the incident.
In addition, they are classified according to the scale of distribution, the complexity of the situation itself and the severity of the results. In our country, the first conditional division became known back in 1992. Then the technical committee, at that time of the Soviet Union, adopted the instruction. She regulated the procedure for the exchange of information in the Russian Federation about emergency situations.
In 1994, a special law was passed. It implies the protection of the population and territories from any situations that occurred as a result of natural and man-made incidents.
Emergency incidents are also classified according to the number of victims, the number of deaths, those whose living conditions are violated. Also by the size of the material damage caused. Another classification is carried out according to the number of affected subjects of Russia. Emergencies can be divided into local, local, territorial, federal, regional, transboundary species.
Local emergency
A local emergency is the result of which no more than 10 people were injured. They also include situations where only 100 urban residents have suffered damage or their living conditions have been violated. Local incidents also include incidents in which the loss is not more than 1 thousand of the minimum wage. Moreover, the area of the incident should not go beyond the boundaries of the facility, either for production or for social purposes.
Local emergencies
Local emergencies are those situations in which at least 10 people were affected, but their total number did not exceed 50. As regards violation of living conditions, this indicator should be above 100 and below 300 citizens. In this case, material damage may be from 1 thousand to 5 thousand of the minimum wage. The incident should not extend outside the city, district or settlement.
Territorial emergency
Territorial emergencies are those in which no more than 500 people were injured. Moreover, only 300-500 residents can be affected by living conditions. Material damage is not higher than 0.5 million of the minimum wage. Moreover, the problem should not leave the zone of the subject of the state.
Regional and federal emergencies
An overview of emergencies will continue with regional issues. These types of situations include those situations in which more than 500 people were injured. Violation of living conditions should be calculated over 1 thousand inhabitants, material damage is from 0.5 to 5 million and more than 5 million of the minimum wage. Moreover, this emergency situation may even go beyond the borders of the Russian Federation. However, it should not cover more than two of its subjects.
Cross-border emergency
Cross-border emergencies are those that are so widespread that they go beyond the borders of the Russian Federation. Moreover, the same global problem can be called the situation that occurred abroad, but at the same time somehow spreading to the territory of the state.
Liquidation of consequences
The elimination of consequences is carried out by certain forces and enterprises, as well as institutions and organizations. At the same time, regardless of the local government, the executive branch, as well as the significance of the legal form of any institution in whose territory an emergency was committed, all legal entities should take part in rescue operations under the leadership of a commission established to eliminate the consequences.
In addition, troops, formations and other serious persons may also be involved in the elimination of all unpleasant situations, in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation. It should be noted that the liquidation is carried out thanks to a certain list of works. All of them are selected depending on what situation has occurred in a particular territory.
Rescue work
Rescue operations include many urgent work. It should be noted that they are all performed depending on the degree of damage. For example, if it is necessary to save people from a fire, then it is necessary to conduct full localization, hire a brigade to extinguish the fire. Accordingly, residents should immediately be evacuated from the burning building. In addition, it is necessary to scout the full lesion. This is done in the first place. This is the only way to get all the data about the situation that has occurred. Next, a search and full opening of all collapsed buildings should be carried out, in case the victims are under them. People who have been injured need medical attention. Affected persons should be evacuated to temporary housing or hospitals. If flooding or infection with a viral disease occurs, then you need to transfer the population to the area where this emergency is not localized.
After carrying out the measures described, it is necessary to carry out the sanitization of the victims and, if there is a need, to disinfect the transport, as well as all the objects involved. If we are talking about industrial buildings and their defeat, then emergency repairs should be carried out.
Effects
The consequences of emergencies are minor damage or even huge damage. It all depends on the scale, causes and speed of reaction of the city administration. For example, a large number of people may die, buildings, social facilities may suffer. If we are talking about industrial premises, then we should mention the state of ecology. The balance of the environment can be greatly disturbed. We can even recall the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. The radiation level to this day in some nearby areas is off scale. This emergency (incident) still makes many people shudder with fear.