Such a concept as labor protection did not always exist. Only after the Soviet regime came, the government adopted the law on labor. In it, in the first place was placed the protection of the worker. It consists in the fact that during production activities should be aimed at protecting the rights of workers, protection from dangers and harm caused by production. After some time, relying on laws and other legislative acts, a labor protection management system was developed. This is what will be discussed later in the article.
What does OSH mean?
The OSH management system is a collection of events that are related by a goal, tasks and a number of functions that contribute to the preservation of the health and life of workers in the production process.
We list what methods protection consists of:
- Legal.
- Economic.
- Technical.
- Sanitary and hygienic.
- Health-improving.
- Preventive.
The stages of the creation of methods are based on the provisions of the OSH management system. The sample will be discussed later.
It is important to carry out uniform actions at each stage of production processes for the quality of the system.
What are the objectives of the OSHMS
The objectives of the OSH management system are as follows:
- Create and promote the implementation of conditions for comfortable and safe work of workers in the enterprise.
- Improve the quality of management of industrial safety.
- Develop actions to prevent and reduce injuries and the development of occupational diseases.
- Involve employees and their representatives in managing the protection of all activities.
- Promote a work culture.
- Encourage employees to lead a healthy lifestyle, eliminating bad habits and introducing them to sports.
- Reduce financial costs and the costs of occupational injuries and occupational diseases.
Work in this direction should be carried out constantly and purposefully.
Tasks of the OSHMS
We list the tasks facing the occupational safety management system:
- Create a safe environment.
- To organize the safe operation of production equipment.
- To improve the quality of measures taken.
- To create safe conditions for work in buildings, structures, structures.
- Provide workers with protective equipment if the production involves harmful and toxic substances, as well as hazardous activities.
- Create high-quality sanitary services and treatment-and-prophylactic treatment.
- Promote the development of training methods for workers.
- Inform employees about everything related to the new system that manages industrial safety.
OSH Provisions
The provision on the OSH management system includes, first of all, the concept of protection, as well as the following points:
- Events of various subjects, covering legal, socio-economic, technical, sanitary and hygienic directions for ensuring labor safety and human health, are united by one concept.
- The creation of an OSH management system at an enterprise consists of a phased operation and the establishment of goals, objectives and measures. Also building a control chain and creating all kinds of documentation.
- The goals of the system pursue the tasks of resolving health issues and creating conditions for the safe work of the employee. This was described in more detail earlier.
- The subject of safety management of production processes is a production process that combines the work of structural units, services, as well as employees who ensure the protection of technological processes and the activities of the organization, in particular.
- The OT management system is supervised by the chief and responsible persons for each site and service in the enterprise.
- Organizational and methodological events are carried out by the labor protection service, and also controls the work of the OSH, which is subordinate to the head of the organization.
- The regulatory framework of the system was created on the basis of the Law on Labor Protection, the code of labor laws, Cabinet of Ministers decrees, a program to increase the level of safety in the manufacturing sector, and other legislative acts.
A typical OSH management system exists at each enterprise and is adapted to its structure.
Purpose of OSHMS
What is the purpose of the OSH management system, we will consider further:
- A record and analysis of the causes of injuries at work and occupational diseases is kept.
- Operating conditions are monitored.
- Protection data is being evaluated.
- Measures are being taken to investigate the causes that lead to injuries at work and the growth of occupational diseases.
- A plan of work and activities is being created.
- The work of the services involved in these activities is monitored.
- Coordination and establishment of protection actions.
- The financial side is controlled.
- Promotion of the protection of all activities.
- New legal documents on health protection are being introduced and created.
- Training and verification of employees on security issues is being formed.
Rules for the creation of OSH in the enterprise
Starting to create a labor protection management system, some rules must be observed:
1. It is necessary to maintain documentation in which should be reflected:
- Activities for the protection of activities.
- Targets and goals.
- Methods and methods for achieving goals.
2. All managers and responsible persons must be appointed and approved by decision of the director of the enterprise.
3. A system of control and audit of all activities should be developed. All controlling persons, their duties, types of reports are defined.
4. Each worker should be involved in the system and take an active part in the dialogue.
5. All the results of monitoring and auditing, as well as various OH&S activities, should be recorded and an analysis carried out. Based on these data, the OSHMS is being modernized.
Such a system of one enterprise is different from another, since the activities, products or services provided, as well as equipment and production processes, have differences.
Stages of the input of the OSH system
Consider the order in which the FEP system is introduced in the organization:
- Evaluate an existing system.
- Make a plan.
- To modernize the scheme of the enterprise with the introduction of OSH.
- Perform quality control of the actions performed.
- To analyze the work of all processes in production.
All actions developed are based on the provisions of the OSH management system in the organization.
It should be noted that plans and measures should be adjusted taking into account available material resources, goals and deadlines.
The first stages of creating a safety management system
The organization should begin by developing an action plan and a sequence of implementation. Clearly articulate the goals that are set for the system governing labor protection at the enterprise:
- Improve the quality of work to protect workers.
- Improve the results.
- Reduce occupational diseases and injuries at work.
- Monitor compliance with safety standards and requirements.
- Pass the mandatory certification procedure.
Take into account the approaches and possible actions to achieve the goals:
- Use security programs and risk analysis.
- OSH programs of organizations of a certain economic orientation.
- Existing security programs.
- Inform employees about the dangers and possible risks that exist in the enterprise when performing certain types of work.
- Solve security issues.
- Use existing ergonomic programs.
- Improve work safety.
What you need to consider when introducing OSH
The development of an OSH system in an organization depends on several factors:
- The specifics of the enterprise.
- Available reserves.
- Does the program support enterprise management.
- Consistency with other management systems.
It is required to take into account, correctly evaluate the following points:
- Finances and human resources required for the operation of the OSH management system.
- Direct and indirect costs.
- Collaboration with the union.
- The conditions of the modern market.
- Perceptions of OSH management system staff and leaders.
- Possibility of combining a production safety management system with environmental protection and a quality control system.
- Mistakes made earlier during similar events.
- Required strength to achieve planned success.
- The desire for cooperation and overcoming obstacles.
All goals, tasks created in the first stage, provide for familiarization to employees.
Preliminary analysis
What is its need:
- It allows you to determine the potential, concept and what needs to be presented to suppliers.
- The results of the preliminary analysis are documented, agreed with the head of the enterprise and the trade union.
- Create a working group that will improve the OSH.
The work of the group is as follows:
- An action plan is being prepared. Responsible persons are appointed.
- Methods for assessing the results of all actions to protect the work of employees are selected.
- Information is distributed among the members of the group.
- A list of documentation is being developed.
- Management meetings are held with workers and the union to increase the efficiency of the system.
Preliminary analysis is necessary for:
- Identification of dangers and possible risks.
- Prevention and reduction of hazards and accidents at work.
- Planning and implementing security measures.
- Organization and implementation of actions in the framework of OSHMS.
- Coordination of different management systems.
This type of analysis is used to find decisions on the implementation or improvement of the management system, as well as to indicate the degree and evaluation of the system.
Sample OSH organization
Each organization, depending on its structure and production, develops its own system based on the main Regulation.
An example of a provision on a safety management system.
- General Provisions It is indicated on the basis of which documents are developed. Valid throughout the enterprise. The specified requirements must be observed by all employees.
- What policy does the company carry out in connection with the protection of production processes?
Guarantees for employees:
- Preserving the health and life of workers.
- Quality production conditions.
- Jobs comply with all accepted sanitary standards.
- Taking measures to prevent occupational diseases and occupational injuries.
- Continuous improvement of OSHF productivity.
- Taking into account the personal qualities and requirements of employees.
- To interest workers in OSHMS.
The labor protection management system in the organization, in the model of which guarantees and obligations of participants are given, should provide employees with the following information:
- Objectives of the enterprise in OSH.
- Responsibilities of responsible persons in the management system.
- Activities necessary to obtain results in the field of protection.
- Drawing up a plan of action and activities.
- Monitoring and control of OSHMS.
- Drawing up a plan to improve the effectiveness of the OSH.
- Organization of investigations of accidents, occupational diseases, industrial accidents.
- Documenting events.
- Conclusion
How is OSH developed
At the initial stage, responsibilities and the area of responsibility for a certain area of work are distributed in the OSH management system at the enterprise. This takes into account the specifics of production. If companies that provide security services are involved, they are subject to mandatory accreditation.
The distribution of duties is documented:
- An employment contract.
- By order.
- Job description.
- By order.
An important stage of labor protection is staff training and education. Mandatory is the briefing:
- Introductory.
- Primary.
- Target.
- Re.
- Unscheduled.
It is important to ensure the availability of information:
- On the mode of work and rest.
- Compliance with the standards and requirements of industrial protection.
- Fulfillment of discipline requirements.
- On the conditions and labor protection.
- About the orders.
- About changes in regulatory documents.
The company must have documentation for effective work planning and control, taking into account economic processes. The head of the enterprise must organize its design and storage.
The development of safe working conditions is one of the most important points in the prevention of injuries and occupational diseases in the enterprise. Changes to the documentation are made when identifying system deficiencies during the audit, control, or in case of violations as a result of emergencies, accidents.
OSH control
Monitoring of the system should be continuous for the regular verification of measures, contracts, preventive actions for protection.
1. The implementation of current control. It should provide:
- Regular inspections of equipment, workshops.
- Control of production processes, organizational issues.
- Regular medical examination of employees.
- Compliance with norms and obligations, according to labor contracts and obligations.
- Achieving results.
As a rule, the implementation of routine monitoring is the responsibility of an occupational safety engineer.
2. Response:
- Response control is carried out by senior management, work manager and industrial safety inspector.
- It is necessary during accidents, accidents or when making any changes to the documentation in the field of labor protection. When conducting investigations of accidents and cases of occupational diseases.
- The results of the response and analysis of the situation must necessarily be reflected in the documents.
3. The audit of the OSH.
Verification in order to identify the effectiveness of the implemented methods of protecting production processes Implementation and compliance with the Regulation on the OSH management system.
The main areas of verification:
- Determine how the management system works in the organization.
- Does the JLL comply with all norms, requirements, regulations and standards.
- Evaluate the results of labor protection activities and, if necessary, adjust them.
- Take into account the results of previous audits and production risks.
- The company's management receives a report on the results of the audit.
An audit plan is drawn up and their results are monitored.
All test results are documented.
GOST Occupational Safety Standards System
The labor protection management system at any enterprise must ensure compliance with state standards established by the state in the field of labor safety.
The standard is aimed at implementing the norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The main goal is to guarantee safety and health, as well as achieve results.
The enterprise management system ensures process continuity. Forms and supports the implementation of preventive measures aimed at protecting the health of workers and taking measures to prevent accidents, injuries, and occupational diseases.
Continuous monitoring and evaluation contribute to the improvement of the system managing labor protection measures at the enterprise.
The standard establishes the principle of the sequence of actions:
- Justification of the need to build a system.
- Organization of work on the creation of OSHMS.
- Development of plans for achieving results and their implementation in production.
- Monitoring compliance with all requirements and processes ensuring labor protection.
- Analysis of control and decision-making on improving the system.
It should be noted that the standard does not consider and does not control processes related to the environment. However, combining the protection of activities and the natural environment is not prohibited.
The success of such a system in an enterprise depends on many factors.
Analysis of the OSHMS
An assessment of the OSH management system should be conducted periodically.
In order for the analysis to be objective and complete, the following indicators will be needed:
- The results of inspections and assessment of the implementation of legislative acts and regulatory GOSTs.
- Assessment by the manager of a previous analysis.
- The data of the enterprise in the field of security.
- What is the percentage of goals.
- Complaints and communications from external representatives.
- The results of investigations at the enterprise.
- Changes in the legislative framework that served as the reason for making changes to the requirements for the protection of the production process.
- Tips for improving the system.
All results of the analysis and evaluation should be recorded, information should be officially submitted to the following persons:
- Occupational Safety Committee.
- Workers and their representatives.
- Responsible persons allocated plot.
If deficiencies are identified, proceed as follows:
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- The appropriate use of funds that are designed to carry out all actions and measures for labor protection.
The OSH management system is regular work aimed at preventing emergencies, injuries, occupational pathologies among workers, as well as guarantees for safe work.