Forensic medical examination is a procedure carried out as part of a civil or criminal case. She is appointed, if necessary, to obtain information from a narrow specialist on the state of health of the production participant. Let us further consider the features of the procedure.
Classification
In accordance with the law, forensic examination of beatings is mandatory. She is appointed in the framework of criminal proceedings and is necessary to determine the degree, nature, causes of bodily harm. Forensic examination of beatings is carried out, as a rule, by one doctor. At the end of the survey, a conclusion is drawn up. A corpse examination is also required. The study finds out the causes of death, the time of its onset. Toxicological and chemical examinations are aimed at detecting certain compounds in human organs and fluids. Histological examination allows you to determine pathological abnormalities at the microscopic level. Biological forensic examination of living individuals is necessary to establish kinship, identify antigens, etc. In the framework of proceedings for cases of various categories, it may be necessary to examine the documentation of healthcare institutions.
Forensic examination of minors: general information
This type of research is considered the most difficult in practice. This is due primarily to the psychological and age characteristics of the examined citizens. The legislation provides additional guarantees for the protection of the interests and rights of subjects subjected to such research.
Stages
Forensic examination of minors includes several stages:
- Choosing an examination method and formulating a plan of procedure.
- Familiarization of a specialist with family, household, social and other aspects of a teenager’s life. Previously, the expert can talk with relatives, friends, and teachers of the examined minor. During such conversations, the specialist receives information about the characteristics of the behavior, character, temperament of the teenager.
- Conversation with a minor. At this stage, the specialist asks the teenager questions in a calm and friendly manner. The expert’s task is to clarify the circumstances of the case, the consequences of the incident, the minor’s attitude towards them. It is forbidden to use threats, psychological pressure, deceit and other illegal methods.
- Inspection At this stage, the specialist examines the teenager in accordance with the tasks of the proceedings.
- Formulation of the conclusion. Objectively evaluating the information received, the specialist systematizes them and draws conclusions. In conclusion, there must be answers to questions posed to him by the court.
Nuances
A forensic examination of minors can be prescribed for children not only of school, but also of preschool age. The legislation, providing additional protection for the interests of persons under the age of 18, allows the involvement of psychologists and teachers. Forensic examination of minors is based on the use of special methods. They are selected in accordance with the age and mental state of the subject being examined.
Personality aspects
As part of the study, the specialist must take into account that in adolescence the individual is actively socializing. The minor adapts to the order established in society. At the same time, cognitive processes are developing intensively. Accordingly, often at this age, children are characterized by incorrect, false perception and assessment of what is happening around. In the framework of the study, the character and temperament of a teenager are studied: level of aggressiveness, leadership qualities, tendency to suggestibility, fantasizing, lethargy, closeness, infantility, increased irritability, etc.
Difficulties
In criminal practice, unfortunately, there are cases when assaults are committed on the sexual integrity of citizens under the age of 18. In such situations, forensic examination is a mandatory procedure. However, its implementation may be difficult. The fact is that a specialist needs to expose certain parts of the subject's body for examination. The rules establish several rules for conducting such studies. First of all, the expert must be of the same gender as the subject. In addition, the teacher or psychologist participating in the study should clearly and clearly explain to the adolescent the purpose of the study, to convince him that it will be safe.
Conclusion
Forensic medical examination - a set of measures of an organizational, legal, medical, psychological nature. When carrying out it is necessary to take into account the individual characteristics of the subject. This is especially important when the study is performed on a teenager. In practice, the question often arises as to how much forensic examination costs. It should be said that the price depends on various factors. Some studies are free of charge, at the expense of budget funds. Non-governmental organizations licensed to perform the procedure set their price. It can reach 12 thousand rubles.