Every house today has electricity. Modern life without it is already difficult to imagine. Therefore, during the construction of a new building, it is necessary to pay close attention to the wiring in it. A similar requirement applies to the acquired private house, which was erected many years ago. In most cases, professionals are hired to carry out such work. But in some buildings, the owners decide to do it themselves, so they need to know how to conduct wiring in the house correctly. Also, this information will be useful in monitoring the processes performed by specialists.
Project development for different types of buildings
This stage is initial, and all wiring in the house depends on its correct implementation. Designers are engaged in the development of circuits. Subsequently, projects are approved by special authorities. Drawings are needed for newly built houses. In addition, schemes and specifications are required for buildings in which it is planned to carry out a redevelopment, as a result of which the existing electrical wiring will almost completely change. Also, during the implementation of the extension of the additional floor, it is necessary to develop new drawings for energy supply. If it is planned to simply replace the existing electrical wiring, then developing a project for this is not required. You can take advantage of the one that exists and was used to create the building.
Cable Mounting Methods
To know how to conduct wiring in the house, it is necessary to study the two main options for its installation today . The cable is laid open or closed. In the first case, the wire is laid along the surface of the main supporting structures. These include ceilings and walls. In the second embodiment, the strobes are used, which are recesses made with a special tool in the supporting structures. Subsequently, these elements are sealed with plaster. Pipes are also used to perform wiring. They can be plastic or steel. Their use allows you to protect the cable from possible mechanical damage. Today it is believed that the most correct wiring in the house, which is the safest, is that made using a hidden installation option.
Complete set of the object with the necessary material
In order to answer the question: "How to make wiring in the house?" - it is necessary to choose the right electric cable having a certain section, and also know its length. The building's power supply also includes switches and sockets, installation boxes and fixtures, electrical panels and meters. You must not forget about the cable channels, or you can use a corrugated pipe. In addition, you will need gypsum and electrical tape.
Installer Options
When answering the question: "How to conduct wiring in the house?" - you must always remember to equip a person with a tool who will perform installation work. First of all, he will need to purchase a screwdriver, pliers, indicator and wire cutters. Also, for successful operation you will need a drill or hammer, which must have special nozzles. They are necessary for drilling the sockets used during the installation of switches and sockets.
If it was decided to carry out the wiring in a hidden way, then for such a process a shtorez will be needed. It is necessary to make a furrow, which will be used to lay the cable in the wall of the building. Such a tool has two special disks capable of cutting an even recess in solid materials, for example, in brick or concrete. It also allows you to speed up the installation process. When doing this work, you can do with an ordinary grinder, but in this case there will be more dust, since the tool does not have a special assembly casing for it. In addition, the process will take a long time.
Wire selection
Be sure to study the question: "How to conduct wiring in the house?" - you need to pay close attention to the selection of the cable section. The main value for its determination is the total power of absolutely all electrical appliances in the building. In this case, it is imperative to provide for a power reserve. This will allow the cable not to overheat, even if all electrical appliances are turned on at the same time.
Currently, the wires for wiring in the house are selected as follows:
- For fixtures use a 3x1.5 cable.
- For sockets, a 3x2.5 wire is used.
- For electric stoves, ovens and various other appliances with high power, use a 3x4 cable.
When a cable is selected and wired in a house, the execution scheme of which can be open or closed, it is necessary to take into account the fact that for each unit that consumes a lot of electric energy, it is necessary to create a separate line. It is also necessary to do this for computer technology in order to reduce or completely avoid electromagnetic interference.
The length of all wires in the house depends not only on the overall dimensions of the structure, but also on the materials used to create the electrical network. That is, they include the above switches, boxes, sockets and so on. In addition, it must be borne in mind that in places where the cables are connected, it is necessary to leave a margin of about 10 cm.
Start of installation work
Laying wiring in the house largely depends on correctly executed marking of the route. In order to carry out this process, it is necessary to take a cord of small thickness or twine, which will be rubbed with chalk. With their help, the cable trunk is marked. It is the main wire passing from the electrical panel to the most remote and last outlet. The main cable must only be positioned horizontally at a height of approximately 150-250 mm from the ceiling level. In addition, at exactly the same distance, the main wire can be placed from the floor. Branches that go from the main cable to sockets, lamps and switches must be carried out with strict observance of their verticality.
If the wire is laid at a slope, then in this case, when performing any work, it can very easily be damaged. For example, this becomes relevant when the owner of the room is going to hang cabinets from the kitchen or paintings in the living room on the wall.
Choosing the number of sockets and switches
The main indicator that affects the number of devices designed to supply electricity or turn it off is the presence of electrical appliances in the house. So, for each lamp, usually one switch is installed. The number of outlets is selected based on the conditions of convenience for a person. Their calculation can be carried out according to the number of proposed and used devices. So, for example, for kitchen areas there should be at least three pieces.
Placement of sockets and switches for lighting
Each device for supplying electricity or turning it off is usually located on the wall. Points for their placement are at different heights from the floor. So, the switches, when the correct cabling is carried out in the house, are usually located about one meter from the bottom surface of the room. There are no clear rules for this value; therefore, each owner chooses it individually for himself. In addition, they should be located at a distance of 100 mm from the door jamb and must be exactly on the side where the handle is located. As for the sockets, then for their installation there is also no exact height today. Typically, such devices are placed from 300 to 800 mm from the floor. It all depends on the location of electrical appliances.
Strobing recesses for cable and electrical panel
Most often, work of this nature is carried out when wiring is carried out in a panel house or in a building built of brick. During this installation phase, there is always a lot of noise as well as dust. For this reason, you must have on hand headphones, safety glasses and a respirator. After selecting all the installation locations of the switches, sockets, transfer boxes and electrical panel, which are marked with a pencil, the gating is performed. This process is carried out in two stages. If a grinder is used, then 2 strips are carried out side by side, the distance between which can vary from 1 to 5 cm, and the depth should be 20 mm. Basically, these values โโdirectly depend on the number of wires laid in the future. After that, with the help of a puncher and a special nozzle, brick or concrete between two cut strips is removed. To conduct wiring in a wooden house, use the open method of laying the cable.
To create a niche for a shield, you need to go through the grinder along the designated contour, and then remove the wall material with a puncher. If the depth at the first attempt is insufficient, then you need to perform the whole process again and repeat it until you get enough space for installation.
Installation box installation work
You cannot do without such a stage of work during the installation of the electric network. Wiring in the house, the scheme of which was chosen at the preparatory stage, always involves the installation of transfer cases. For this, dowels or gypsum are most often used. A fixture is inserted into a hole of the required depth prepared in advance with a crown, which is fixed by the consumables listed above. If initially it is not possible to fix the box using the dowel, then a gypsum mortar is used. From it, a foundation is created, to which an element of the electrical network of the house is subsequently attached. It is necessary to use gypsum with a setting time of up to three minutes. After applying it to the hole, you must immediately insert the installation box and immediately adjust it to the desired position.
Laying and securing wires
Cables must always be fixed in the building. It does not depend on how the wiring is carried out in the house. Two options are used for a shtrob: wet or dry. At the very beginning, one end of the cable is fixed in the installation box, while it is necessary to leave about ten centimeters of stock. If there are several wires, then they are connected every 300 mm to each other using plastic fasteners. Using electrical tape or a separate piece of cable, a dowel is attached to them. The faster way is the use of gypsum, only before that it is necessary to remove all the dust from the strobe, and then prime it. First, strokes are applied in the recess for the wire every 300-400 mm, and only then the cable is embedded in them.
Electricity is wired in the house in an open way using cable channels, which are made of non-combustible materials. This type of fixation takes away the minimum amount of power from the performer.
Conclusion
Many people are interested in how to make wiring in the house. To be sure of the correctness of all processes, it is always necessary to contact specialists if the property owner does not have the necessary skills and knowledge. In no case should a person carry out such responsible work in the absence of the required qualifications, because this may entail irreversible consequences.