The detergent is intended for washing products from various fabrics, as well as for industrial and sanitary purposes. In ancient years, it helped to cope with infections, head lice and other sanitary and hygienic problems. What is laundry soap made of today? What is its composition, quality and safety requirements?
GOST 30266-95 is an interstate standard developed by Russian specialists and valid in the territory of a number of CIS countries: the Russian Federation, Belarus, Ukraine, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. The standard defines the scope of the regulatory document and establishes technical requirements, acceptance rules, test methods, safety requirements, storage and transportation conditions, as well as manufacturer's guarantees for a product called “laundry soap”. The composition of the finished detergent depends on the formulation, which differs in the content of fatty acids. Products are divided into three groups. Soap in each group is produced with its own assortment name.
All formulations that determine the qualitative composition and content of ingredients are subject to mandatory coordination with the bodies of the State Epidemiological Supervision. In addition, GOST 30266-95, clause 4.3 establishes requirements for raw materials and materials (the section contains the name and technical conditions of products that can be used in production), from which laundry soap is produced. Its composition remains unchanged, and conformity in quality is guaranteed by the manufacturer for up to 12 months from the date of manufacture. The requirements of the standard must be strictly observed in the manufacture, use and implementation.
Laundry soap is produced in the form of solid rectangular bars. The composition of the finished product in terms of fatty acid content varies from 64 to 72%:
- for the first group - from 70.5% to 72%;
- for the second group - 69%;
- for the third group - 64%.
The main raw materials are various fatty acids (technical, animal or synthetic), for example, fatty acids of vegetable oils (sunflower, soy or cotton). Fatty oils of palm oil, the titer of which ranges from 44 to 48 ° C, fatty acids of edible animal fat according to the PCT of the Ukrainian SSR 1866-89 are allowed as raw materials for the manufacture of soaps of the first and second groups of acids. Other fatty acids are also used, the use of which for each group of detergent allows GOST 30266-95. The main material used for saponification of fatty acids is technical sodium hydroxide according to GOST 2263-79.
The universal detergent and cleaning agent is laundry soap. The composition of the feedstock and manufacturing technology provide good dirt removal from any surface. The product is characterized by a high (pH 11 to 12) alkaline balance. Soap has excellent bactericidal properties. Therefore, it is used to combat infectious diseases. In case of infection with a soap solution, the outer part of the nasal passages is lubricated, teeth are brushed, affected areas of the skin are treated, and nursing mothers are recommended to wash their breasts before feeding babies. It has been established that this detergent has several advantages over modern well-known and popular brands : it is completely harmless to the skin and also does not cause any allergic reactions, even in children.
An eco-friendly product is household soap. Its composition and safety is guaranteed by the acceptance of finished products. Acceptance rules (section 6 GOST 30266-95 and GOST 790-89) establish the scope of control, test methods and the need for mandatory certification, during which control is carried out on the safety indicators of detergents with a fat base. Prior to shipment to the consumer, each batch is examined for compliance with organoleptic indicators (color, smell, texture), mass fractions of fatty acids and free alkali are measured, as well as other qualitative characteristics. Laundry soap goes on sale subject to compliance with the requirements of the standard.