A garage with an addition in the form of a cellar becomes a multifunctional structure, providing storage not only of a car and accessories for repairs, but also of various preparations for the winter, vegetables and canned goods.
But such an addition needs to ensure increased air flow, remove the musty smell and dampness. Proper ventilation of the garage with the basement is an integral stage of work necessary for the comfortable location of people and storage of products.
Appointment
Dampness leads not only to spoilage of fruits and vegetables, but also to the appearance of an unpleasant odor and the development of fungus. Also, one of the causes of corrosion on the metal elements of the building, parts and bodywork of the car is humidity. That is why measures to reduce it become so important.
Ventilation in the basement garage provides protection against many negative phenomena. These include condensate, which most often forms in the winter. At this time, the heat coming from the depths of the earth contributes to a slight heating of the cellar, due to which the temperature in it becomes higher than in another part of the structure. Due to the high humidity in the room, condensation occurs, at low temperatures the surface is covered with hoarfrost.
Do not forget about toxic toxic impurities in the air: exhaust fumes, fumes of oils, paints and gasoline. To prevent their accumulation to a critical concentration, it is necessary to ensure the removal of contaminated air outside the premises and the influx of fresh. The existing conditions determine the appropriate type of ventilation, which may have a natural, forced or mechanical principle.
Natural airflow
Before you make effective ventilation of the basement of the garage, you need to determine the scheme of the device, it can be supply and exhaust, supply and exhaust. The latter option is characterized by a high degree of air purification, while the supply air ensures its intensive intake. But the combined technique is the most effective, its arrangement is possible in two ways.
Natural ventilation of a garage with a basement does not require expensive equipment; to create it, you need to mount only two pipes. The mechanism of action is based on different temperatures in the room and outside the window. But its simplicity led to the appearance of a significant drawback consisting in interruptions in the winter period due to the accumulation of frost in the canal and the inability to use it in the summer, since at this time the temperature inside and outside it acquires close values. This option is suitable for a small garage, and it requires pipe insulation with special materials and the systematic removal of snow in the winter months. There is a non-standard removable part for the outlet pipe, which greatly simplifies the maintenance of it.
Advantages and disadvantages
Forced ventilation in the garage with a basement with your own hands allows you to create the optimal microclimate in the room. Its work is provided by special devices for forced air flow. It is possible to use both one bicuspid pipeline and two (as in the variant indicated above).
The main advantage of natural ventilation is the low price of equipment. But for an oversized garage used for a minibus or truck, this option will not work. The air intake design removes toxic substances much more efficiently and eliminates high humidity, and at the same time it is possible to save due to the formation of a combined version.
Ductwork
The easiest way to make a masonry canal of hollow bricks and blocks. To prevent the entry of rodents and birds, steel grilles are used to block the passage section. The most widespread method, involving the installation of exhaust and supply pipes in opposite corners of the room.
Experts recommend mounting the element for air flow at a height of about 50 cm from the floor level, and the exhaust part should be placed under the ceiling, this will provide a more intense air flow. The pipe can be factory made of aluminum-based foil, or made of improvised materials such as wood, brick or roofing steel.
How to make ventilation in the basement of the garage
The exhaust duct is fixed at a distance of at least 180 cm from the floor, the outer part is on the roof of the garage, at a height of about 50 cm. Additional insulation is required when installing on the rear wall.
The inlet part is fixed on the opposite side and displayed outside, while the distance to the ground should be about 20-30 cm. The channel should be protected from insects and birds by using a steel mesh, and it is covered with small covers.
Changing the air exchange rate is possible with special dampers for adjustment mounted on both pipes. They are especially useful in the cold season for portioned air renewal. There is also an economical option, which involves replacing the supply duct with a gate mounted on the end of the wall structure.
Additional devices
Forced ventilation in a basement garage requires the addition of piping with special electric fans. Channels can be mounted in the same way as in a natural arrangement, or have a common passage. The main advantage of this method is its independence from climatic conditions and time of year. It has many similarities with simpler ventilation, the difference lies in the devices that form the air vortex. The flow is directed outside the room, thereby fresh air enters through the ventilation duct . It is possible to use not only a fan, but also other devices, for example, a diffuser-vane with a rotary mechanism, it works on the basis of the energy of the wind flow and is fixed in the upper part of the supply channel.
How to enhance the effect
Forced ventilation in a basement garage can have two layout options: horizontal and vertical. Better ventilation of a large space is ensured by horizontal placement and simultaneous operation of two fans.
Efficiency can be increased by installing a light bulb in the upstream pipe, thus, the outflow of air is activated by heating it. Deflectors are also quite common, forming rarefied air around themselves . They are fixed on the exhaust pipe near its outlet.
Mechanical principle
Such ventilation in a basement garage is most effective. But for its installation it takes a lot of time and the appeal to specialists, it also has a high cost. Special sensors turn off and turn on the system at the set time without human intervention.
Air movement is only forced. It is possible to equip two modules, each of which carries out different actions. They are combined by automatic devices that provide autonomous operation.
Air inlets are the most expensive, this is caused by a complete set in the form of filters, air heater and fans of two types: axial and duct.
Equipment that subsequently allows you not to think about how to make effective ventilation of the basement of the garage, can combine two devices at once without compromising performance. The addition of special devices is quite common - recuperators that transfer the heat of the exhaust air to the supply. Thanks to them, you can significantly save on electricity, since in this case heating of the premises is not required. They maintain the temperature within five degrees above zero, this value is optimal for long-term storage of the car and its preservation.
Deflector
After arranging ventilation in the cold season, condensation may accumulate under the outlets of pipelines. This can be prevented by using heat-insulating materials for pipe insulation and fixing special umbrellas in the inner part. It should be noted that the temperature difference indoors and outdoors should be at least five degrees.
It is recommended to purchase a deflector for the exhaust duct, in the wind it will form a reduced pressure in it to reduce air flow. The principle of operation of this device is based on:
- the influence of wind flow on the entrance of the pipe and the wall structure of the garage;
- different densities and lifting forces of the supply and exhaust air.
To install the deflector does not require special devices, it is enough to simply fix it next to the end wall in a vertical position. It is also necessary to use insulating materials to prevent condensation on the inner surface.
What you need to know
According to foreign standards, at least 350 liters of fresh air must flow into the garage every hour. Domestic SNiPs are less stringent: this value is within 180 liters. In this case, the exhaust hole should be in a diagonal arrangement from the supply.
Proper ventilation in the garage with a basement allows you to achieve the following:
- long-term storage of food in the basement;
- humidity in the room is within normal limits;
- corrosion does not develop on metal surfaces;
- the walls of the inspection pit do not deteriorate from excessive moisture, and, accordingly, it is safe to be in it;
- provides quick removal of harmful fumes and exhaust gases.
Before you make ventilation in a garage with a basement, you need to calculate the required performance, while taking into account the number of cars, the structural design of the room and the area of the building.