The latest security systems allow you to save property and human life. Many of them use fire alarms. It is necessary for detecting fires in the early stages and for signaling. The system contains various devices, including a smoke detector. That the equipment worked qualitatively, it is necessary to choose this device correctly.
The concept
Smoke detector - a device used to establish a fire source. During the operation of the device, absorption and the scattering function in one of the spectra are analyzed:
- ultrasonic;
- infrared;
- visible.
Kinds
According to the method of detecting a source of ignition, devices are radioisotopic, which monitor the information of the radioisotope chamber, and optoelectronic, establish a fire by changing the transparency of air and light brightness.
There are other detectors - aspiration. The device is presented in the form of an autonomous unit, in which there are laser and point optical sensors. Equipment records early signs of fire. They are fixed in inaccessible places, museums and on ships.
By the method of physical detection, the smoke sensor can be:
- smoke;
- firefighters;
- fiery.
The creation of a fire signal can be carried out together with a response to smoke. When it decreases, the notification is turned off. These are active devices. But there are passive ones that give a signal by the amount of smoke. A battery smoke detector is considered convenient to use.
Scope of use
A smoke detector is capable of establishing a fire hazard situation at the beginning of its occurrence. After all, smoke is formed first, and then fire. Timely operation of the device allows you to evacuate people.
Equipment can be installed in rooms where the formation of fire at the initial stage involves the presence of smoke. But you should take into account the natural interference - increased humidity and smoke. With these factors there is a false response of the devices, as well as their breakdown.
In residential buildings, optical point devices are usually mounted. If the space of the room is voluminous, then the necessary optical linear devices are of the address type. In particularly important institutions, optical aspiration sirens are installed, which operate very quickly. The speed of the equipment is important, because the safety of people and the safety of property depend on this.
Advantages and disadvantages
Fire smoke detector has its pros and cons. Often, different types of devices are installed in the same room, which can notify about various adverse factors. Of the house sensors, the most popular are considered optoelectronic. The benefits include:
- quick reaction when ignited;
- rich assortment;
- reasonable prices;
- minimum devices to be installed.
Among the shortcomings can be identified:
- consumption of a large amount of current;
- dust response;
- no reaction to combustion without smoke.
Equipment manufacturers
A wide variety of fire alarms are sold in stores. According to the method of action, they are:
- optical;
- linear
- ionization.
Optical devices are considered the most popular, but they have disadvantages: they react to dust, but there is no reaction to smoke with impurities of soot. Such detectors are produced by Russian manufacturers - Signal and IRSET-Center. They have similarities and differences.
The IRSET-Center devices are manufactured with a wide voltage range. They may have a little current in standby mode. Characteristics are necessary for working with control panels. From foreign manufacturers, System Sensor products are in demand.
Device
Smoke notification is targeted and non-addressable. This is determined by the method of connecting to the fire system. Therefore, the principle of operation of the smoke sensor is different. Addressable devices transmit a signal to the console, where the place of ignition is set, since all the equipment in the system has its own numbers. They are used in large rooms, production facilities.
Conventional devices emit sound, and it is only possible to establish a fire area using it. Optoelectronic fire alarm equipment includes a plastic case, where there is an optical camera, a light detector and refractive shutters. Air entering the chamber reflects radiation from a light source. With the appearance of smoke, an alarm is triggered. Thanks to refractive shutters, the device is protected from light and dust. Wipe the device regularly so as not to reduce the sensitivity of the detector.
Optical devices can have LED or laser light emitters. Ionizing devices are presented in the form of a chamber with 2 plates located under current. If smoke enters inside, an alarm is triggered.
The choice
In order for the fire alarm to work correctly, it is necessary to correctly choose components for it. It is important that he:
- timely identified foci of ignition;
- was reliable;
- did not give false signals.
A self-contained smoke detector can be used in objects where a fire occurs with the formation of smoke, since the action is based on the provision of a signal when its concentration in the air is exceeded. When choosing, you should take into account the structural nuances of the building, the specifics of the room and the price of the device.
It is advisable to purchase high-quality equipment, even if it is expensive. Well-known manufacturers have such products. And if in doubt about the choice of device, then you should seek help from a specialist.