Equipping a country house or a country cottage where there is no centralized sewage system, the question will surely arise about how to choose a septic tank for a private house. Some decide to save money and build a cesspool. However, this method is short-lived and unhygienic. The sewage pit has always been famous for its unpleasant pungent odor.
When choosing a septic tank for a house, it is necessary to take into account the amount of waste and the size of the serviced area, as well as the degree of purification and other important factors.
Types of local cleaning systems
Based on the planned level of installation costs and the required installation characteristics, it is necessary to correctly select a septic tank for the house. How to choose the most suitable type, the principle of the autonomous system will answer .
All existing models can be divided into several groups.
- Cumulative type of system. This is the easiest waste treatment option and the cheapest. All drains are stored in an airtight container. This design can be assembled independently from any waste tank. This system is suitable for people who do not often go to the cottage or in the cottage. Otherwise, it will be necessary to pump sewage waste from the septic tank in a private house quite often.
- Sump with soil treatment. The consumer is offered a container with infiltrators, which are aeration platforms without a rectangular bottom. It is allowed to create fields for cleaning on one's own.
- Deep wastewater treatment. The principle of operation is the sedimentation of solid waste and the processing of biologically active elements that produce septic tanks. How to choose the volume and performance of the installation will determine the number of people in the territory. This type of treatment allows recycling of up to 95% of the waste. The disadvantage of such a system is the high cost.
System material
Asked for a solution to the question of how to choose a septic tank for a summer residence, it is also necessary to determine which material of autonomous sewage is best suited for the conditions of the site.
Reinforced concrete may be preferred. This material is strong, waterproof and durable. Installation of the structure does not take much time. It should also be noted that reinforced concrete is less susceptible to cold and temperature extremes than other materials.
Choosing a septic tank for a private house, you should not make it from monolithic concrete, since installation in this case will be quite complicated.
Many summer residents opt for brick autonomous sewage systems, which are quite easy to install. In quality they are almost not inferior to reinforced concrete structures.
The most common and cheapest type of septic tank is plastic. However, this option is also the most short-lived, because it is easier to inflict mechanical damage. This material also can not withstand high soil pressure.
The bioseptics that process waste with the help of special bacteria have proven their effectiveness.
Septic tank volume
The performance of an autonomous cleaning system is calculated based on the number of people who will be in a given area, as well as the frequency of attendance at the facility.
According to SNiP 2.04.03-85, the water consumption per person during the day is 200 liters. This value includes the cost of water for showering and bathing, sewage and kitchen use. When the total water consumption is more than 5 cubic meters per day, the calculation is carried out by multiplying the consumption rate by 2.5.
The selection scheme for a septic tank for a summer residence has the following form:
Number of people x 200 x 3/1000 = cubic meters
The formula uses the amount of time needed to clean. Autonomous sewer system processes waste with a cycle of 3 days. The result obtained is considered the necessary volume of the septic tank installation in a private house.
The calculated value is indicative and depends on many additional factors. When deciding which septic tank to choose, you need to take into account the individual needs of the people living in the cottage, the frequency of their visits to the house. It is important whether there is a garden on the site.
The installation of a septic tank in a private house, which is rarely visited by a not very large company, involves the installation of a smaller wastewater system. If at the summer cottage it is supposed to live permanently, closing conservation from your garden, the volume of autonomous sewage should be increased.
Number of cameras
After the volume of the washer was calculated according to the formula, taking into account all the individual characteristics of the water flow in the area, the number of sections that the septic tank for the cottage will have is determined. Which type of system to choose will tell you the previously determined displacement of an autonomous sewage system.
When the wastewater consumption is up to 1 meter cubic per day, a single-chamber sewer cleaner should be installed.
If the cost of terms will be in the range from 1 to 10 cubic meters, a two-section septic tank for a cottage will be the best choice.
With a daily intake of more than 10 meters of cubic water, it is reasonable to mount a three-chamber autonomous sewer cleaner. In the first section, the accumulation and sedimentation of solid waste occurs. The fluid enters the second and third chambers, where it is to be cleaned and drained from the system using drainage.
How to choose a septic tank for a private house, in which the owners have special requirements for the processing of waste, prompt experts with a sufficient level of qualification and professional experience.
Features of the soil of the site
The nature of the soil and the passage of water through it, into which the wastewater will be installed, is of great importance for the correct selection of a septic tank.
For light sandy soil, any autonomous sewage system is suitable. In the case when the soil is heavy, it is necessary to establish a design with the biological principle of cleaning or with a drive, passing into which waste does not fall into the soil.
If the site is characterized by high groundwater permeability, a septic tank with soil post-treatment will not work. Only sealed containers may be used.
Septic tank location
Having considered all of the above factors, it is necessary to take into account one more that affects the installed septic tank. Sewerage in a private house must have the correct location of the tank.
If the groundwater in the area is close to the surface, horizontal placement of the wastewater container should be preferred. The septic tank will resemble a tank in its form.
On a site with a deep occurrence of groundwater in order to save space allocated to an autonomous sewer, it is possible to arrange the tank vertically. In this case, the pit will be quite deep.
It should also be noted that according to sanitary standards, a septic tank should be located no less than 50 m from the water intake and 5-20 m from the house.
Therefore, when solving the problem of how to choose a septic tank correctly, it is necessary to correctly plan the site space and soil features, and then determine the type of location of the system capacity.
Polyethylene wastewater
Today, the most popular are plastic violins. Widespread this type of autonomous sewage received as a result of low prices. Plastic is considered less resistant to adverse conditions. However, the modern types of such runoff systems are made using the latest technologies and are adapted not only to the conditions of the summer cottage, but also to specific industries.
A good option for a septic tank for a cottage or your own home is a polyethylene wastewater. This material is designed to withstand significant temperature changes and the influence of chemicals.
The manufacturing technology of polyethylene containers allows the production of multilayer seamless containers that can be made in any configuration. Increased wall density allows you to extend the life of the tank.
Polypropylene cleaner
Another type of plastic autonomous sewage system is a polypropylene septic tank. The material from which the containers are made is characterized by great strength and resistance to abrasion, and the temperature of the effluents withstood by it reaches 140 degrees.
Polypropylene septic tanks are very resistant to corrosion cracking. This is a very durable option.
Fiberglass cleaner
Another great solution to the question of how to choose a septic tank for a private house, so that it will serve the owners for a long time, will be the choice of a fiberglass washer.
The basis of the material for this type of containers is made from resins. In the process of technological processing, in order to strengthen the walls of the container, they are reinforced with fiberglass. This material is virtually non-corrosive and can be used to clean chemical waste.
Septic tank service
It is necessary to choose the appropriate type of autonomous sewage cleaning in accordance with the conditions of cleaning the system.
Any septic tank, regardless of its type, needs appropriate treatment. Based on the frequency factor of the cleaning and the possibilities available to the owner, a suitable system is selected.
If it is preferable to carry out cleaning on your own, the choice is made on a bio-treatment septic tank. He does not require special training in maintenance. But for the accumulative types of autonomous sewage, you will need to use a special sewage machine.
Having become acquainted with all the factors and criteria that determine how to choose a septic tank for a private house, you can mount such an option of an autonomous sewage treatment system that will meet all sanitary and hygienic standards, and will become a durable, indispensable element of the functioning of a country house.