The solution to the problem of ensuring the safety of an educational institution is today under the close attention of the state. After all, pre-schools, schools, colleges and universities are the most vulnerable in terms of emergency situations, and their consequences are especially severe and, as a rule, cause strong social and political resonance not only in the country where they occurred, but also for it the limits.
That is why ensuring the safety of an educational institution is a very urgent task. Its decision is the totality of a whole range of measures taken not only by the employees of the public institution, but also by a number of different government bodies, services and structures.
Definition of a concept
According to the law of the Russian Federation “On Security”, the safety of an educational institution is understood as the totality of measures and measures of public education that are carried out in cooperation with public organizations, law enforcement agencies, bodies that are entrusted with the functions of local self-government, as well as other support services. Their implementation is intended not only to prevent emergency situations, but also to prepare for rational actions when they arise.
Safety culture
One of the tasks of the teaching staff of the educational institution is the formation of special behavioral motives for students related to the prevention of threats to their life and health.
For this, teachers need to develop a safety culture among their students. In doing so, they will need:
- to develop personality traits that contribute to its correct behavior in the world around us, which allows us to anticipate and avoid dangerous situations;
- to form the ability of each student to make safe decisions in the domestic environment;
- to inculcate skills, abilities and knowledge that contribute to the reduction of collective and individual risks;
- to develop the moral and psychological stability of students in the event of a particular emergency.
The formation and further development of a human safety culture is one of the components of the educational process. Carrying out work in this direction includes a whole system of methods of activity and knowledge, as well as norms, rules and values. The main function of all these elements is the formation of students' preparedness for the prevention of dangerous and harmful factors and their minimization.
Targets and goals
The formation of safety culture among the students of the OS is necessary for:
- reducing the number of incidents in the educational institution;
- constant support of interest in fulfilling safety requirements, as well as labor protection rules;
- convincing OS employees and students of the importance of ongoing activities;
- fostering a conscious attitude to the need to reduce collective and individual risks;
- introducing the most modern means of safety and labor protection into the process of training and education;
- Creation in the OS of healthy conditions for study and professional activity.
Complete activities
The safety of an educational institution, which is a combination of the most diverse areas, has been developed and implemented in educational institutions relatively recently. The measures taken at the same time include many aspects. Among them are ensuring chemical and radiation safety, reducing a wide variety of technological and natural risks, protecting against terrorism, fire, etc. All these measures are aimed at prevention, as well as at the maximum reduction of damage in the form of human casualties and destruction of tangible property.
Integrated safety of an educational institution is an essential factor in ensuring normal conditions for conducting the learning process. Consider this system in more detail.
Educational institution security system
It is clear that law enforcement agencies are not able to effectively protect at the same time everyone and everywhere. That is why, as in other organizations, in an educational institution, the creation of a security system is one of the essential conditions for the implementation of its activities. What is she like? The security system of an educational institution is a combination of the most diverse means and methods interconnected and ordered by the head to reduce the risk of an emergency. With the correct selection of these elements, their best combination and convenient location, the security of the OS increases several times.
The main task of the head of the OS when organizing security in an educational institution is the effective integration of each of the components of such a system. Let's consider these elements in more detail:
- Subjects called to take security measures in educational institutions. These include the management of the Shelter itself, as well as its personnel and security, support, assistance and rescue services. In addition, the list of such entities includes law enforcement agencies and the district administration.
- Physical protection from the danger of the building in which the OS is located. This element includes lighting and fencing of the territory. The safety of a preschool educational institution must certainly include locks on doors and gates. Shelter protection is also ensured by installing window grilles, barriers and chains restricting visitors from entering, anti-ram devices and barriers at the entrance to the shelter.
- Security. The safety of children in educational institutions is ensured by its management, watchmen and watchmen. In addition, the administration of the educational institution should develop a package of documents relating to the organization of the adoption of the necessary protective measures for students. Also, security officers must undergo training and thoroughly know all safety instructions in an educational institution. In the event that actions arise that pose a threat to the life or health of children, prompt notification of the OS administration is necessary, the paths of which must also be provided in advance.
- Technical means. According to the safety requirements of educational institutions, they need to install alarm systems, smoke removal and fire extinguishing. In addition, video surveillance should be conducted. The OS administration will need to take care of the installation of metal detectors, alarm transmission systems, as well as electronic automatic access.
- Resource and financial support. This element of the security system of an educational institution is the allocation of certain funds. They are necessary to pay for the services of OS protection, to install and maintain a security alarm, as well as an “alarm” button. Financial support for the implementation of the security program of the educational institution will also be needed for the purchase of lighting and video surveillance equipment, automatic control of access to the shelter, as well as metal detectors and the repair or arrangement of new fences around the building. Payment of energy and other resources can be distinguished from monthly expenses.
- Organization of work with representatives of bodies representing local self-government, as well as the Ministry of Emergencies, the FSB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. A similar element, designed to maintain the safety of educational institutions of the Russian Federation, is the coordination of measures providing for the verification of the territory and the building of the educational institution for the possibility of their explosion hazard, carried out by specialists of the cynological and engineering services. These measures are impossible without the distribution of responsibility between departments and without the exchange of information between them. The joint development, as well as the coordination of the security plan of the educational institution and the joint control of the activities of the private security company in the OS are important.
- Conducting educational work. The psychological safety of an educational institution can be achieved by training children in skills, abilities and willingness to act in the development of an emergency. For this, the work plan of the teaching staff should include classes on the topic “Recognition of danger”, “Ability to say no” and others. One of the components of educational work with children should be the implementation of measures to form their culture of relations in the international environment, as well as to maintain tolerance. Teachers should regularly conduct special classes and trainings that allow children to master the skills of action in a variety of emergency situations.
- Work with parents. Among the measures to ensure the security of the educational institution should be conversations with close friends of students. They are held, as a rule, at parental meetings, where questions are raised about ensuring OS safety, maintaining and improving security, raising vigilance, anti-terrorism protection, as well as responsibility for the collective and personal safety of children. Why is it necessary to conduct such conversations? Their goal is to increase the interest of parents in improving the security system and its technical equipment.
- Shelter staff. The security program of an educational institution certainly includes the preparation of pedagogical and managerial staff for actions to protect OS. Among the measures being developed is the holding of meetings of teachers with law enforcement officials with consideration of relevant issues.
- Paperwork. In the OS must be present a set of existing standards necessary to comply with to ensure normal conditions of the pedagogical process. In addition, the head must issue an order for the safety of the educational institution, indicating in it the duties of officials and the internal rules. It is also necessary to develop instructions for teachers and for protection with the inclusion in them of schemes and plans of the building of the OS. A necessary component of office work is the nomenclature of cases relating to security areas. It should include plans and correspondence, regulations, conditions of material and technical supply, etc.
- Methodical documents. This element of the general OS safety system is recommendations and instructions for children, parents and staff of OS, stands and posters, films and booklets regarding measures to prevent personal and collective danger.
- Medical support. This element of the system includes labor protection, as well as the introduction of health-saving technologies in OS.
- Psychological support. Among the measures to ensure the safety of the OS are methods that allow mentally prepare teachers and children for action in various emergencies. It also includes methods of psychological rehabilitation, role-playing games and trainings.
Among the elements of the general security system in the OS are also:
- social and personnel measures;
- safety culture, environment and OS regime;
- governing bodies of educational institutions, as well as interaction with them;
- engineering structures and infrastructure, as well as organizations ensuring their proper operation;
- residents of adjacent quarters;
- nearby and patronage enterprises;
- other objects.
All of the above elements must be considered in unity. Only with their comprehensive coverage will it be possible to obtain the required quality of OS security.
Personal Security Features
Each employee and student of OS must:
- know the laws and rules of human behavior in emergency situations;
- comply with personal safety recommendations;
- have the ability to self-control and be disciplined;
- skillfully use safety equipment;
- know how to contact law enforcement;
- help workmates;
- maintain normal relations with people around and in the family.
Fire safety
Particular risk for the staff of the OS, as well as for students, is an emergency in which there is a rapid development of damaging factors. These include fires. When they occur, there is very little time to carry out protective measures. That is why in order to ensure the fire safety of educational institutions, it is so important in advance:
- Create a regulatory framework. It represents orders and regulations, as well as instructions that entrust officials with duties related to ensuring the safety of people.
- To equip the OS with warning systems. It is also necessary to purchase security equipment.
- Analyze possible dangers with justification of ways to protect against them.
- To organize training of students, teaching staff and personnel in defense methods. One of the most important components of such fire safety measures in educational institutions is to conduct training and exercises in order to identify compliance of people’s actions with regulatory requirements.
Implementation of operational measures will be required when there is a direct threat to the health and life of people. The main action in this case will be the emergency evacuation of everyone in the building. When implementing this measure, it should be borne in mind that all educational institutions have their own peculiarity, consisting in the maximum concentration of a large number of people in relatively small areas. Additional difficulties in evacuation are also found in the age characteristics of students. It also greatly complicates the application of the necessary fire safety measures in an educational institution.
The structure of protecting children, teachers and staff of the OS includes two subsystems. The first of them is designed to prevent the occurrence of a fire, and the second serves as protection against fire. Both are aimed at:
- prevention of emergencies;
- ensuring the safety of people;
- preservation of material values.
Their leaders are responsible for ensuring fire safety in educational institutions, who issue a number of orders in this direction:
- About fire safety rules.
- On organizational measures to ensure fire safety. This order provides for the responsibility of specific officials, as well as resolves issues of unimpeded evacuation, prompt notification of people in the building, determination of the condition of the funds necessary for primary fire extinguishing, according to the order of actions in case of emergency, emergency lighting, etc.
- On the organization of work of a fire hazardous nature.
- On conducting training sessions.
- On the organization of special places for smoking.
All these orders must be communicated to the executors under signature. In the subsequent administration of the OS, it is necessary to carefully monitor their implementation.
Fire safety in educational institutions is also provided by briefings. All of them must be correctly formatted in special magazines.
Of particular importance for OS is an effective fire regime. These are the rules of human behavior, the maintenance of rooms and classes, as well as the organization of the educational process itself.
OU anti-terrorism security
Work in this direction is the adoption of a whole range of measures. All of them are aimed at systematic actions to enhance the vigilance of the teaching staff and staff, to strengthen the material base of the educational institution, as well as to develop the ability of teachers and students to perform adequate and operational actions in the event of a terrorist danger.
The anti-terrorist safety of educational institutions is ensured by the implementation of preventive measures, the purpose of which is to prevent or minimize the loss of life in the event of a dangerous situation. To do this, the following actions are taken:
- instructing all OS employees on countering terrorist acts;
- inventory of all inputs and outputs (main and spare);
- periodic inspections of the premises of the OS and its territory;
- checking the operability of the telephone line to connect the duty op-amp with part of the ATC;
- the organization of the controlled entry of the vehicle into the territory of the educational institution;
- implementation of access control;
- reporting anti-terrorist information to teachers, students and staff of the OS;
- conducting routine health checks of all available technical means of protection, including electronic and combination locks, telephones, etc .;
- conducting training sessions on anti-terrorism activities;
- inventory of leased premises.
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- procedure for notifying those responsible for carrying out evacuation, as well as setting up a cordon.
If an explosive device is found on the territory of the OS, its leader is immediately informed of this and called to work at any time.
Any employee who has discovered a suspicious item or ownerless item is required to:
- immediately specify the place that may be dangerous;
- protect suspicious objects while being careful;
- inform the duty supervisor on duty about his find in person or by phone;
- perform further actions based on the instructions of the dispatcher.
In turn, the duty op-amp when receiving such a call:
- clarifies the location of a suspicious subject in an educational institution;
- reports the incident to the head of the OS or his replacement person;
- specifies the degree of evacuation of people upon receipt of instructions from the duty department of the air traffic control unit and acts according to its instructions.
The head of the Shelter, having received a message about a suspicious item found, must:
- not leave your workplace, while maintaining constant contact with the duty of the educational institution and the management of the Department of Internal Affairs;
- coordinate the actions necessary for the implementation of measures to evacuate people.
Road safety
The organization of the study of traffic rules helps to protect the life and health of children. Its goal is to develop self-control skills, discipline, attention and a sense of responsibility on the street among students.
Teachers together with police officers tell children about road safety in a preschool educational institution. Such work begins with a plan of thematic events. Among the main areas of such activities can be identified:
- observations, walks and excursions;
- holding competitions for traffic rules, game programs and quizzes;
- organization of preventive actions;
- performance of campaign teams of schoolchildren;
- organization of meetings with police officers;
- work with parents;
- on-site activities, etc.
Children consolidate the knowledge acquired in the DOW by becoming schoolchildren. At the same time, the teaching staff of the secondary educational level must properly organize the training of their pupils in the rules of safety on the roads. In addition, educational institutions within the framework of life safety programs conduct extracurricular and extracurricular activities for the prevention of accidents in accordance with pre-established plans.
The promotion of safe road behavior in OS is ensured through the design of a special corner for road safety. It is a stand on which informational materials for students and their parents are placed, as well as schemes for the safe movement of students along the route from home to school, and after school, home again. There is a BD corner in the lobby of the OS. This allows such information to be accessible to a large number of people, including students and their parents, teachers, as well as those children who came to this institution for an event.
Practically and theoretically significant materials posted at the stand are provided, as a rule, by the police officers assigned to the school.
The study of traffic rules is usually carried out in an office equipped to study the basic rules of life safety.
The roadmap of the educational institution in the field of road safety includes:
- observations, excursions, walks;
- preventative conversations about safe behavior on the road;
- film classes with demonstration of animation and video materials;
- classes in a car park or on a specially equipped car park;
- conducting programs and competitions in a game form, competitions, competitions and quizzes;
- organization of meetings with police officers, preventive actions, etc.
electrical safety
Ensuring the safety of children in educational institutions certainly affects their protection against AC shock. According to the existing regulatory documents, the entrance door to the switchboard located in the building must be locked. They are upholstered with tin on both sides, and a sign must be hung outside to indicate the purpose of the room. Here, the place where the keys are stored is indicated, and a warning sign is applied, namely, “Caution! Electrical voltage. "
There are certain requirements for the switchboard room itself. So, there should not be any foreign objects in it, and the lamps are protected by hermetic shades. On the floor of the electrical panel, rubber mats must be laid out without fail. In this room there should be a powder or carbon dioxide fire extinguisher and one pair of dielectric gloves.
Health and Safety
The creation and provision of normal, non-harmful conditions for the learning process must comply with the requirements of the current state standard. One of its prerequisites is the presence of the Rules, as well as journals of instruction for students on safety measures. The measures taken are designed to prevent injuries to children in OS.
Safety instruction is certainly carried out with all OS employees. When hiring, he is introductory. Initial training is carried out already at the workplace even before the start of professional activity. Once every six months, repeated explanations of labor protection rules are carried out, and with the introduction of new instructions - unscheduled. Once every three years the teaching staff is subject to organized training and testing of knowledge on safety at the workplace. The acquired skills allow us to ensure normal working conditions, prevent occupational diseases and work-related injuries. Obligatory passage of such training is also for the head of an educational institution.