The safety justification for machines and other complex units is formed to confirm their compliance with the provisions of regulatory documents. The procedure for compiling a document has certain requirements. Let us further consider how its development is carried out.
Safety Justification: General Information
This document contains risk analysis and information from design and operational acts. They establish the minimum necessary safety measures for equipment or machines at all stages of the life cycle. The document is supplemented by the results of a risk assessment at the operational stage after the repair. The safety justification for a hazardous production facility is drawn up by the designer. This document acts as an integral part of a set of papers on products. It is used to assess the safety of products at all stages of its life cycle.
Title page
The technical regulation, approved by government Decree No. 753 of September 15, 2009, establishes the requirements for the design of the document in question. In particular, on the title page, on the left side, there is an object code in accordance with the all-Russian classifier. Below are located:
- Approving Signature.
- Product name (indicated in capital letters).
- Title of the document: "Safety Justification".
- Designation of the act.
- Signatures of the compilers.
Tables, drawings and diagrams reflecting the individual provisions of the document are performed on sheets of format A0-A4. You can use pages of a different size in accordance with ESKD.
Designation
It is assigned by the compiler according to GOST 2.201. It is allowed to use the system adopted before the introduction of the specified state standard. It is recommended, according to the requirements of the ESKD, to form a designation by adding a code to the name of the main design document, in accordance with which a safety justification is made. Example: specification designation for a plunger pump - PN 200-00-000. Accordingly, the document will be indicated as PN 200-00-000 OB.
Content
The sections that make up the safety case (including a hazardous production facility) can be formed in one document or in separate volumes, depending on the volume. After putting the units into operation, the act should reflect their actual condition and take into account all changes made to the design. The composition of the sections, as well as their contents, depending on the type and purpose of the installations, is determined by the compiler according to the characteristics of the products. If necessary, the justification of industrial safety can be supplemented by additional points.
It is also allowed to exclude certain sections from the document, as well as to combine several of them into one. The safety justification should be drawn up in such a way as to exclude the need for additional study of operational, design and engineering papers. Information in the sections should be present in an appropriate volume. It is detailed to the extent necessary to justify organizational or other security decisions. Moreover, information on compliance with the requirements should not be declarative in nature.
The compiler provides documentary evidence of the implementation of measures included in the safety case. Equipment should be described in accordance with the accompanying documents. At the same time, a link is given to them with the authors, the compiling organization, type, year of issue, identification or archive number of each paper.
Important points
When compiling a safety case, repetition of information should be avoided. To prevent their occurrence, it is recommended to provide links to the relevant paragraphs or sections. Information on the performed calculations and analyzes should confirm the effectiveness of measures aimed at ensuring safety. The rationale should contain accepted assumptions, schemes, results, input data, their interpretation, as well as conclusions. It is allowed to indicate links to documents in which these parameters are present.
Introduction
It should provide information on the name of the equipment, its purpose, scope, as well as operating conditions. The introduction contains information about the compilers of the OB, documents confirming their qualifications. The last, in particular, are copies of licenses. The safety rationale includes brief information on experimental design and research work.
Key parameters
In accordance with the rules established by the technical regulation, the first section of the ABOUT provides:
- The main characteristics of the installations. To them, in particular, include a model, brand, type.
- Illustrations of units with installation, overall, mounting dimensions. If necessary, the diagrams and drawings referred to by the references may be placed in the annex to the document.
- Description of equipment.
For installations that after a specified period may pose a threat to the health / life of citizens, nature or damage property, the assigned resource, the period of operation and storage, at the end of which use should be discontinued, are established. In this case, the actual state of the units will not matter.
Safety: General Principles
They are given in the second section of the OB. The safety rationale includes a description of the principles laid down in the design of the plants at the design and production stage. At the same time, their compliance with standards or the results of calculations, tests are indicated, certificates for components, etc. are given. This information should give unequivocal confirmation:
- Implement provisions to ensure passive and environmental safety.
- Analysis of probable predicted threats and experience using analogues.
- Consideration of permissible risk during operation.
- Implement the principles of ergonomics.
- Taking into account the restrictions provided for by the operator when applying PPE.
- Implementation of the principles of using substances, materials and raw materials that do not pose a threat to life / health, property of citizens, as well as nature.
- Establishment of a sufficient and necessary level of reliability of units.
- Implement the principles of limited personnel intervention in the operation of facilities. If it cannot be avoided, then contact with the units should be as safe as possible.
Reliability requirements
This section provides the nomenclature and meaning of the parameters in the following sequence:
- Comprehensive or single indicators of maintainability and reliability.
- Durability.
- Persistence.
It also describes limitations or requirements regarding operational and design methods for ensuring reliability. If necessary, their economic feasibility is taken into account.
Installation failure criteria
Their definition should be specific and clear. They should ensure that faults are easily detected visually or using diagnostic tools. Failure criteria are formulated to uniquely understand the state of the units when setting operational and reliability requirements. Typical signs may include:
- The termination of the execution of the installation of the specified functions, the reduction of power, performance, sensitivity, etc. beyond the permissible limits.
- Distortion of information at the output of products, which include electronic devices.
- External manifestations indicating the onset or the prerequisites for the occurrence of failures. These, in particular, include knocking, noise, overheating, vibration, the release of chemical compounds, etc.
Personnel / User Requirements
This section of the OB indicates the rules of conduct for employees, qualification criteria, characteristics of the psychophysiological state, etc. The circle of persons who are related to the personnel involved in working with equipment is also determined here. When establishing requirements, it is necessary to consider:
- The level of professional training and qualifications, the amount of theoretical knowledge, as well as the ability to use them in practical activities.
- Psychological qualities.
- Knowledge of the governing and regulatory documents governing professional activities.
- Health status.
- Age restrictions.
Analysis
Industrial expertise is carried out taking into account the provisions of GOST. The analysis includes the following steps:
- Identification of threats.
- Risk assessment.
- Formulation of recommendations to reduce the likelihood of a threat.
In the process of choosing an analysis method, one should take into account its tasks and goals, the complexity of the studied objects, the availability of the necessary qualifications of specialists, as well as the completeness of the data provided.
Threat identification
Its main task is the identification and description of all sources of danger, as well as scenarios for its implementation. The design process identifies the likely types of threats at all stages of the life cycle. This is necessary to ensure safety:
- Mechanical.
- Electric.
- Thermal.
- Fire department.
- Industrial.
- Radiation and nuclear.
- Explosion proof, etc.
The identification result is:
- List of unwanted events.
- Description of sources, risk factors, as well as conditions of occurrence and development scenarios.
- Preliminary threat assessments.
- Development of recommendations to reduce the likelihood of disasters.
Risk assessment
Its main tasks are:
- Determination of the frequency of initiation and other undesirable events.
- Analysis of the consequences of threats.
- Summary of estimates.
Clearance requirements
The results of the analysis must be justified and described so that the calculations performed and the conclusions drawn from them can be repeated and verified by specialists who did not participate in the initial assessment. The section should indicate:
- The list of performers. At the same time, the names of their posts and scientific degrees are given. The name of the organization is also indicated.
- Annotation.
- Table of contents.
- Goals and objectives of the analysis.
- Characteristics of the investigated object.
- Analysis methodology, initial constraints and assumptions within which the work is performed.
- Description of the methods used in the assessment, accident models, justification for their application.
- Threat Detection Results.
- Uncertainty analysis.
- Summary of estimates.
- Recommendations for reducing the likelihood of a disaster.
- Conclusion
Accident Reduction Measures
They are selected depending on the analysis of identified threats. Among the measures may include:
- Making design changes.
- Additional lighting units.
- Stability and safety of packaged units.
- Reliability of control systems in all operating modes under any external influences provided for in the operational documentation.
Other measures may be provided for in the OB. In particular, the document describes measures aimed at protecting personnel in contact with equipment, emergency shutdown devices, maintenance and repair methods.