Fire safety measures are aimed at ensuring the safety of property at the objects of household and economic activity, health and life of citizens. Their main goal is to maintain the necessary conditions in settlements, in areas of accumulation of material values or people due to unquestioning compliance with established norms and requirements. Let us further consider what fire protection measures exist.
Main tasks
The development and conduct of fire prevention measures are necessary to analyze and eliminate the likely causes of fires. Due to them, the maximum restriction of flame propagation in case of emergency is ensured. Fire prevention measures include measures to create optimal conditions for saving property and evacuating citizens. Preventive work with the population ensures timely identification of the source of fire and the call of rescue services.
Fire Safety Action Plan
It is a set of measures aimed at maintaining conditions that do not threaten property, life and health of people. At each plant, a fire safety plan for the year should be developed. All documentation related to ensuring optimal working conditions and livelihoods can be revised if necessary, as well as in cases stipulated by law.
Organization of fire events
All facilities engaged in business activities are subject to certain requirements. Fire-prevention measures at the enterprise include the performance of regular inspections of the entire facility, individual sections related to it. The frequency of control is established in accordance with the law and other industry regulations. Fire-fighting measures at the enterprise include briefings and training sessions with employees and facility employees. Familiarization with the requirements and subsequent verification of knowledge are carried out by authorized persons appointed by the head. Briefings are conducted both with permanent employees and with temporary employees, as well as those who arrived at the facility from other organizations. Buildings, structures, workshops, sites should be equipped with warning systems. Responsible persons must ensure that all fire safety devices are operational and operational. At new construction sites, during the conversion and reconstruction of various premises (workshops, warehouses, workshops and others), it is necessary to constantly monitor the implementation of established requirements. Volunteer fire brigades, special combat crews, whose responsibilities will include extinguishing fires and eliminating the consequences, can be formed and trained at the enterprise.
Authorized Institutions
Fire-fighting measures are developed and carried out in accordance with the standards, as prescribed and under the supervision of the relevant services. These include, in particular:
- TB Department.
- State Fire Inspection.
- Voluntary squads and societies.
- Fire Technical Commission.
- The personnel of the inverter.
- Freelance Fire Inspectors.
Essence of the work
Fire prevention measures are aimed at identifying and eliminating defects directly at the facility. In case of impossibility of immediate correction of defects, the authorized authorities order to eliminate violations as soon as possible. Fire prevention measures include equipping warehouses, workshops, workshops and other industrial premises with automatic warning systems. In the course of work to ensure optimal working conditions that exclude any threat to property and life, it is possible to replace combustible substances with less dangerous analogues. Such fire-fighting measures should be issued through the issuance of acts or regulations (orders). They are handed directly to the head of the production facility.
Tasks of supervisory authorities
The competence of the State Fire Inspection is to verify the implementation of existing fire safety rules and regulations in the process of design, construction, reconstruction of facilities and during their operation. Preventive work is carried out mainly in the form of examinations and examinations. These events are held regularly at all business facilities. They can be both planned and unscheduled. The work is aimed at verifying compliance with approved standards and requirements. Their implementation provides a reduction in the likelihood of fire, quick fire extinguishing in case of emergency, as well as ensuring the safety of property, health and life of personnel and people in close proximity to the facility. In addition, the examination allows you to identify the availability and readiness of protective equipment, warning systems. Inspections are necessary to determine the real level of safety at the facility. Based on the conclusions made during the audit, supervisory authorities develop recommendations for company managers.
Controlled objects
The Regulation on State Fire Inspection establishes the frequency of preventive checks performed. It depends on the hazard class of the facility. Annually monitored:
- Vocational schools and technical schools.
- Household and public utilities.
- Research institutes and design institutes.
- Warehouses.
- Residential buildings with a large number of floors with the organization of consumer services.
Each object is assigned to employees of the authorized service. To exercise control over the implementation of the requirements of the State Fire Inspection, seasonal inspections, inspections of individual structures, shops, buildings on behalf of officials may be carried out.
Fire fighting measures
The primary tasks to ensure the preservation of material values, life and health of employees at the facilities include:
- The use of non-combustible means in the degreasing and cleaning of parts, assemblies or finished products.
- Determination of fire hazard indicators of all substances and materials used in technological processes.
- The use of automatic warning systems with the provision of their periodic verification.
- Isolation of fire hazardous equipment or its removal to open areas.
- The use of high-speed valves and special barriers that prevent the spread of flame in communications and rooms.
- The ban on the finishing of tracks intended for evacuation with combustible materials.
- Use in hazardous industrial premises smoke protection.
Special mode
It involves the establishment of a specific set of requirements and measures throughout the enterprise or in its individual sections. Prescriptions are mandatory for all, without exception, people involved in the facility. Among the measures of the fire regime should be noted:
- Arrangement of smoking areas.
- Regular cleaning of industrial and other premises from combustible waste.
- A thorough examination of the sites after completion of work.
- Installation of circuit breakers (switches), providing a complete blackout of electrical installations.
- Equipment for evacuation passages and tracks.
Usually, significant financial expenses are not required to implement the measures envisaged. They can be performed by employees carrying out their professional activities in any room, independently.
Human Resources
All employees involved in the enterprise must undergo fire training. During it, they are obliged to study:
- Safety instructions and rules.
- Hazard parameters of materials, substances used and stored in production.
- Rules for the maintenance and use of extinguishing media.
- Fire hazard characteristics of technological processes, equipment, facilities.
- Sequence of actions in an emergency.
Fire preparation and training consists of conducting briefings and familiarization classes, which provide for the passage of the fire-technical minimum (PTM). The order in accordance with which this work is carried out is established and regulated by relevant orders or orders. When conducting briefings, it is advisable to use software training tools.
Finally
It should be noted that the success of the fight and the prevention of fires is ensured only in those enterprises where preventive work is well placed, and there are PTK and DPD. According to statistics, about 60% of fires occur as a result of non-compliance with established standards, obvious violations of the safety regulations. The most common causes of fires include smoking in places that are not equipped for this, household appliances left on, the use of torches and blowtorches to defrost engines or pipes, and so on. To eliminate these factors, it is necessary to introduce a strict fire-prevention regime, and to carry out regular training of employees in the rules of industrial safety.