The Russian system of warnings and actions has to solve a huge number of tasks in all spheres of activity in emergency situations: these are environmental problems and the provision of humanitarian assistance to those who have suffered from natural disasters, catastrophes, accidents, armed conflicts both in Russia and abroad This includes informational support for emergency zones, the creation of rapid deployment units, so that the forces and resources of the emergency emergency services can help people in all emergency situations, wherever they occur.
Responsibility
They manage civil defense in the person of heads (heads) of enterprises, organizations, institutions, departments of ministries, executive authorities in the republics, regions, territories, autonomous entities, cities and regions, ministries and departments, organizations, institutions, enterprises regardless of ownership . The forces and assets of the RSHS are completely under the control of these people.
The heads of the positions are the heads of civil defense and are personally responsible for the implementation and organization of civil defense activities, for the creation of accumulated funds of collective and individual protective equipment and ensuring their safety. They are also responsible for all the forces and means of the emergency response system necessary to liquidate an emergency at facilities located at subordinate facilities and territories. The Office for Emergencies and Civil Defense was established on the basis of the former civil defense headquarters.
Structure
The structure of the RSES includes departmental, functional and territorial subsystems. Territorial - those republics that are part of the Russian Federation, territories and regions - are subdivided into administrative-territorial divisions, and the leadership - emergency commissions or other bodies that should perform their functions. They plan and develop the forces and resources of the emergency response system, then carry out actions to prevent emergencies. Forces are created and equipped there to eliminate possible emergencies and their consequences. They act independently if the scale of the emergency does not go beyond the territories under their authority. The working body of each commission on emergencies (CoES) is the Office for Emergencies and Civil Defense.
As for the functional subsystems, these are governing bodies to which the entire composition of the forces and assets of the RFES of ministries and departments is subordinate. They solve the tasks of direct observation and control relative to the natural environment, monitor potentially dangerous objects. In their competence the creation of reserve funds, the protection of the population, the localization and liquidation of emergencies. Separate functional subsystems may include governing bodies, as well as forces of the RFES of several departments and ministries of the Russian Federation with similar or complementary tasks. Departmental subsystems were created in all ministries and departments to prevent emergencies at subordinate facilities and liquidate them.
Control
The forces and assets of the RSES are divided into local (territorial), regional and federal - these three levels function in the management of the RSES. The regional level appeared in connection with the division of the Russian Federation into nine parts, it is needed in order to manage the troops of the GO, coordinate the interaction of territorial, republican, regional and regional authorities in the event of both local and global emergencies. The chiefs of civil defense have an apparatus - headquarters, where officials who are not exempted from basic duties and full-time employees work.
Such a composition of forces and assets of the RSChS is the headquarters of the management, which have strictly prescribed responsibilities. They organize and provide continuous management of civil defense during accidents, natural disasters and catastrophes, timely notify services, formations, employees, workers and the entire population of settlements adjacent to the emergency zone, develop a civil defense plan, protect the workforce, train personnel civil defense units, as well as workers and employees. The civil defense and emergency forces forces constantly maintain preparedness for action in the circumstances of any emergency situations.
Services Division
Conducting rescue operations implies preparation for a variety of urgent activities; for this, the strength and resources of the RCMF are divided into special appropriate services.
- Public order protection.
- Communication and alert.
- Fire service.
- Emergency technical service.
- Medical service.
- Shelter and shelter service.
- Anti-chemical and anti-radiation protection.
- Motor transport service.
- Supply service (logistical).
These are the most necessary formations, where the forces of the RSChS are involved, but not all. Their number is determined by the head of civil defense of a particular object, taking into account the specifics of enterprises, the presence of structural divisions, and so on.
Tasks
In order to fulfill the main tasks of the RSES, forces and means should be directed primarily to the organization of public warning and information, to protect the population and to take measures to protect the territory. At the same time, the forces of the emergency emergency response service are liquidating the emergency. Then you need to begin humanitarian assistance to the population. The main task always remains the constant training of the population, the training of specialists and senior staff.
In addition, much attention needs to be paid to promoting the role that the forces and means of the RSHS system play in the security of the region and the country. These are the main tasks of each unit of civil defense and emergency situations. The federal executive branch always has specially trained and certified forces and means for eliminating emergency situations, which are intended solely for the prevention and elimination of emergency situations. If you use them as a single state system, material and human losses can be minimized.
Surveillance and control
The first unit of civil defense and emergency forces and assets is responsible for monitoring the state of nuclear power plants, bridges, boilers, gas and electric installations, and other important facilities. In addition, the monitoring forces and means carry out control and inspection activities from the Ministry of Ecology, analyze the state of potentially dangerous objects and the environment, carry out a veterinary service, maintain a laboratory network for civil defense monitoring, as well as monitor the quality of food raw materials and food products. There is also a natural disaster warning service.
Emergency response
The second unit includes units and units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, Ministry of Defense, Ministry of Emergencies, as well as non-militarized civil defense units, forces and equipment of other ministries and departments, state bodies or non-state ones located on the territory of the Russian Federation. The basis is the GO troops, search and rescue services and parts of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, which are in constant readiness. In the Ministry of Emergencies, along with rescue teams, there are airborne troops - mobile and effective.
Rescue teams
The first formation in the country, which consists of high-class professionals, is the airmobile State Central Rescue Team, which quickly responds to industrial and natural disasters. He not only gained fame in the country, but also abroad.
The detachment arrives quickly on any continent and can operate autonomously for several weeks, helping to eliminate the consequences of landslides, earthquakes and other natural disasters. People are removed from the ground, debris or ruins and immediately provide medical assistance. A detachment can simultaneously provide several groups of rescuers for different regions both in Russia and in the near and far abroad.
Ministries and departments
Ministries and departments have quick reaction forces: the Ministry of Railways, for example, has fire and recovery trains . The Ministry of Internal Affairs ensures the preservation of material values and the rule of law in extreme situations, protects important facilities, and organizes, if necessary, access control or cordon. The Ministry of Emergencies is responsible, among other things, for the fire service, which not only extinguishes fires, but also eliminates the consequences of accidents at chemical plants, saving people and material values.
The FSB provides state security in emergency situations at sensitive facilities of the Russian Federation and in providing assistance to other states. The Ministry of Health is a subsystem of the RCCH, which also has its own emergency service for emergencies. The Ministry of Atomic Energy, the Ministry of Fuel and Energy, and the Ministry of Agriculture also have the forces and resources of the Emergency Response System in the form of potentially hazardous facilities that control the situation in the territories that eliminate the consequences of emergency situations, and have hospitals and laboratories.
GROWTH
The legal successor of DOSAAF - ROSTO (Russian Defense Sports and Technical Organization) - is also the founder of the association of rescue groups, including groups and detachments of voluntary rescuers - parachute, airborne, underwater, motor vehicles, signalmen. All constituent entities of the Russian Federation create and equip the forces and means of the RSHS. Each city, region, and each object has its own civil defense and emergency units. Wherever an accident, natural disaster or catastrophe occurs, the forces and means of the RSHS can be disposed of instantly.