Under harmful conditions, the law presupposes factors that are present in the workplace. They are harmful to human health. Harmfulness is negative factors for which employees have the right to receive benefits and allowances.
The concept
Working conditions are factors that directly or indirectly affect human health. They can be safe if they do not affect employees or are minimally affected. Then the performance will not be reduced, and health will not deteriorate.
Harmfulness is factors that negatively affect a person and lead to a deterioration in his health. Many of them are so strong that they cause the appearance of chronic ailments, as well as a decrease in life expectancy.
Classification
There are hazard classes of working conditions:
- Due to work, there may be small changes in the body, which are restored if the production process is stopped.
- At the factory, factors are observed due to which there are permanent changes that cause chronic ailments.
- Significant changes occur in the body, due to which performance is lost and reduced, and diseases appear.
- Harmful conditions that cause chronic diseases and disability.
List of professions
Many professions include the concept of harmfulness. This characterizes the specialty as unfavorable.
According to Government Decision No. 188 of March 29, 2002, harmful occupations include activities in the following areas:
- coal industry;
- mountainous;
- metallurgy;
- electric power industry;
- chemical, oil industry;
- microbiology;
- geological exploration;
- radio engineering production.
Who should not work in such jobs?
According to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, there is a list of persons who cannot work in hazardous work. These include:
- minors;
- pregnant
- women with children under 1.5 years old;
- part-time workers, if the main activity is related to the fulfillment of obligations when there are harmful conditions.
Factors
Harmful factors are different:
- Physical - solar radiation, dust, temperature, humidity, wind.
- Chemical - biological and chemical components obtained by chemical synthesis.
- Biological - substances and mixtures of biological origin.
- Labor - lengthy work, as well as weight lifting, physical and moral tension.
When working in the above fields of activity, occupational diseases may appear.
Compensation
Harmfulness is not only negative factors in production, but also a reason for receiving compensation. By law, such employees are required to:
- reduction of the working week - no more than 36 hours;
- additional paid vacation - at least 7 days;
- salary increases - at least 4% of salary;
- free vacation packages;
- provision of work clothes, tools for work.
A medical examination of employees who are engaged in hazardous work should also be conducted. The frequency is determined by the severity of the conditions, but should be at least 1 time per year. Some professions require an unscheduled inspection during employment.
Milk delivery
According to the law, milk is supposed to be given for harmfulness, as established by Art. 222 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. This serves as compensation for hazards encountered during the performance of duties. In the order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation No. 45n, the standards for the provision of the product are indicated, and also a list of factors is given when milk is given for harmfulness.
According to the Federal Law No. 426, in each organization they must evaluate places of work for the presence of harmful factors that can worsen the performance of people. If, according to the results of the assessment, a 3rd or 4th class is assigned, which implies especially dangerous or harmful factors, the employer must issue dairy products.
Many professions have preferential pensions. They are intended for employment in underground production, agriculture, textile industry, medicine, the Ministry of Emergencies, and the pedagogical sphere. For most benefits, clearance is required when an application and a list of documents are required.
Benefits for harmful conditions laid down by law. If for some reason they are not provided, then the employees have the right to appeal to the court. An independent examination is carried out as evidence of the presence of harmful factors. Its results will be the basis for the provision of various compensations.