What is “psychosomatic disorders”? Somatic disorders resulting from severe mental disorders. In other words, somatic diseases resulting from mental disorders.
There are a number of diseases that occur both in acute and in chronic form, the causes of which are mental disorders (in the pathology of the thought process).
However, most often, somatic pathology does not develop, and patients simply inspire the presence of manifestations of a particular disease. In this case, their hyperbolized perception creates a disturbance in perception, as a result, they take the usual disturbance of peristalsis for ulcer, peritonitis, appendicitis. As such, the pain component is absent, however, it is easily imagined by the patient. Therefore, the identification of the symptoms of autonomic disorders does not yet indicate the presence of organic changes in the internal organs or central nervous system. This symptomatology can be caused by negative emotions or feelings. So acute mental stress or emotional experience can cause a number of autonomic symptoms: increased pressure, increased breathing, impaired digestive tract, a change in the tone of the bladder, and even an increase in blood coagulation. These changes develop as an adaptive reaction of the body to an external stimulus.
In order to reliably confirm the presence of somatic pathology, additional instrumental diagnostic manipulations are performed. After confirming the presence of pathology of organs and systems, it is established whether it is possible that with this disease psychosomatic disorders develop.
Diagnosis of this type of disorder is extremely important, since the approaches to the treatment of somatic and psychosomatic diseases are completely different.
So, psychosomatic disorders are basically treated, based on the pathology of the mental sphere of activity, as the etiological component of the disease. Somatic pathology is treated only by acting on the affected organs and systems. As a result, with an incorrect diagnosis, the treatment of psychosomatic disorders is protracted and unsuccessful.
Psychosomatic disorders in children of persons and adolescents are currently a very significant public health problem. The difficulty in recognizing and diagnosing such diseases often leads to the late establishment of a true diagnosis.
Psychosomatic disorders manifest themselves as symptoms of diseases of various organs and systems (motor, endocrine, digestive, excretory, respiratory, cardiovascular). In addition, there may be violations of thermoregulation, as well as various skin diseases.
Psychosomatic disorders are quite difficult to treat. The course of therapy includes: drug therapy, various types of psychotherapy, as well as physiotherapeutic procedures. In addition, the treatment of this pathology involves significant differences, depending on the type of mental disorder.
Psychosomatic treatment disorders include multicomponent and complex.
Drug therapy consists of a complex of sedative (or tonic) drugs, nootropics and analgesics.
In addition, various types of psychotherapy are used: conversation, supportive and dynamic psychotherapy, psychoanalysis, hypnosis, stationary, behavioral, analytical and other types of psychotherapy.
As an additional component in the course of treatment, various physiotherapy procedures are used (balneotherapy, mud therapy and others).
Thus, psychosomatic pathology is widespread at present. Existing difficulties in the diagnosis of this disease, as well as difficulties in treatment, lead to an unfavorable prognosis for the patient.