In most cases, modern private houses are built not of natural "breathing" materials, but of those made by artificial means, completely free from air. Therefore, built with your own hand or acquired a country cottage without fail should be equipped with a ventilation system. This will make life in the house much more enjoyable and comfortable.
Varieties of systems
Designing the ventilation of a cottage should begin with the choice of the actual type of equipment itself. After all, country houses can have a different layout and area. A modern ventilation system can be:
- inflow;
- exhaust;
- supply and exhaust;
- forced-air and exhaust with recovery.
The right choice of equipment will make indoor air exchange as efficient as possible without overspending in relation to electricity consumption.
Supply ventilation system
Climatic equipment of this type is usually installed in small cottages. Using forced ventilation, you can make the air in a country house much cleaner and fresher, often even without much cost. Equipment of this type may be:
- Channelless . In this case, fresh air enters the premises through the supply valves installed in the walls.
- Channel. This is a structurally more complex ventilation of the cottage. The air in the rooms in such systems enters through plastic or metal lines.
Exhaust system
This type of equipment is also usually used in small houses or in erected from "breathing" material, for example, the same timber or log. Exhaust ventilation in the cottage can be used both for air circulation and for removing various odors or moisture from the premises. Its main structural element is an installation designed to pump out contaminated air from rooms to the street. Most often this is a regular fan. There are only two varieties of such systems:
- Local . Such ventilation is used if the source of pollution is strictly localized. The main objective of the equipment in this case is to remove it before it spreads through the rooms.
- General exchange . Such ventilation of the cottage covers the entire space.
Supply and exhaust ventilation
This is the most effective type of ventilation used in cottages most often. In this case, both types of installations are mounted - both supply and exhaust. At the same time, air circulates along specially laid highways. Most often in our time in the country houses are mounted supply and exhaust ventilation with a recuperator. Using this system, you can not only make living in a house more comfortable, but also minimize heating costs.
Ventilation of the cottage when using such an additional device does not lead to hypothermia of indoor air in winter. Actually, a special design is called a recuperator, which takes heat from the air removed from the premises and gives it to the incoming.
Features of the installation of the supply system
Assembling equipment of this variety is not particularly complicated. Most often, in private houses, not even a stitched installation is installed, but simply valves. The latter are pieces of plastic pipes insulated with mineral wool from the inside. To install them, simply holes are made in the walls. Outside, each valve is closed by a mosquito net.
In the room itself, special plastic heads with a filter and a damper are mounted on the pipes. These devices allow you to adjust the intensity of the flow of air into the room from the street. The result is, in fact, natural ventilation in the cottage. After all, no energy-consuming equipment is used in this case.
Installing a duct ventilation system in the cottage is, of course, a little more complicated. In this case, the supply unit is mounted in the basement or in the attic. Valves are also inserted into the walls. But in this case, not the head is connected to them, but the mains supplying air to the rooms. The result is a very effective supply ventilation of the cottage.
Features of the installation of exhaust systems
The simplest in design equipment of this type is usually installed in the kitchen - above a gas stove. The hood is attached to the wall either on brackets or on self-tapping screws. Further, it simply connects to the mains with three wires (phase, zero and ground).
In bathrooms and in kitchens, a common exhaust ventilation system is often installed . It is an ordinary riser walled into the wall and facing the attic or the roof. To increase the efficiency of such a system, many homeowners additionally use an exhaust fan. The latter is mounted directly in the outlet of the riser. The procedure in this case is as follows:
- If necessary, the ventilation duct facing the bathroom or the kitchen expands (but it is better to immediately purchase a device of the appropriate dimensions).
- The fan is inserted into the duct.
- The voids are sealed with foam.
- The hood is connected to the mains.
At the bottom of the bathroom door when using such an addition in the riser, you should make a hole for the air flow and close it with a grill.
Rules for choosing equipment
When buying a supply and exhaust ventilation system, the owner of the cottage should first determine its performance. You will also need to decide which type of duct to buy. Today on sale there are only two of their types: rigid and flexible. The second option for self-installation is best suited. The fact is that flexible ducts are much easier to pull along the ceilings and behind the casing. Indeed, in this case, you do not need to do too many knees and joints.
What should be the performance of the system
Calculation of the ventilation of the cottage is as follows:
- the total volume of the premises of the house is determined (V = S x h, where S is the area in m 2 and h is the height of the ceilings);
- the required air exchange rate is calculated.
The last indicator is determined depending on the type of room. For living rooms, the standard ratio should be 1-2 volumes per hour. That is, the obtained result V in this case needs to be multiplied by 1 or 2.
The technical characteristics of supply and exhaust systems usually indicate their maximum performance. After connecting the ducts, this indicator can significantly decrease (by about 20-30%). This should be considered when choosing an installation. You should not be afraid to buy too productive equipment. All modern air handling units have a fan speed adjustment function. Using it, you can achieve a faster or slower exchange of air in the premises.
How to mount a supply and exhaust system
The ventilation methods described above are suitable only for very small cottages or for houses of a large area, but built of wood or foam blocks. In a large residential suburban building of 2-3 floors with brick or concrete walls, complex supply and exhaust ventilation should be installed. In this case, you must first draw up a project for laying the system highways and determine the location of the installation. Mounted ventilation of the cottage of this type in several stages. When arranging are performed:
- Punching in the walls of the holes for the supply line valves.
- Laying inlet and outlet ducts.
- Installation of a supply and exhaust unit with a recuperator and the connection of air ducts.
- Setting the air heater.
Supply and exhaust ventilation of cottages: laying ducts
The procedure should be approximately the same as in the case of installation of the supply duct ventilation system. That is, previously, holes are made in the walls for the valves insulated with mineral wool. After installing the latter, the supply lines join them. In the rooms they are pulled according to the draft. In rooms, supply air ducts are usually discharged at a height of about 30-40 cm from the floor level. Highways are laid behind the wall cladding and along the ceilings. They are fastened to the structural elements of the house on special clamps. At the same time, air ducts are bred on the sleeves using tees.
According to the regulations, one output of the supply line can be in 2-3 rooms. In this case, however, the particular layout of the building must be taken into account. At the same time, in the doors of those rooms where the air ducts are not directly suitable, openings closed with decorative grilles should be made.
The exhaust ducts from the premises are discharged at a distance of 30-40 cm from the ceiling. The ventilation device in the cottage in most cases involves just such a placement of the sleeves. This is due to the fact that warm exhaust air, as you know, always rises.
Air handling unit installation
Actually, the equipment itself, which is responsible for supplying and removing air, is most often located in the attic of a house. But sometimes the supply and exhaust installation is also placed in the basement of the cottage. This equipment should be mounted on a level stable horizontal surface. Ducts to the installation are connected through nozzles. You can see exactly which output you want to connect to in the instructions that came with the equipment.
Air heater installation
Sometimes the ventilation of the cottage is supplemented by this element. Its installation is considered a non-mandatory procedure. However, experts still advise installing the air heater. This device is intended for additional heating of cold air coming from the street in the winter. Among other things, if there is a heater in the system on the recuperator, ice will not form (which is a sore spot in the supply and exhaust systems).
The installation of this equipment involves connecting to the supply line and an energy source. In ventilation systems of small cottages, electric heaters are usually used. They are simply connected to the network. Water models used in systems of cottages with an area of ββ150 m2, cut into the wiring of the heating system.
What you need to know
You can mount the supply and exhaust ventilation in the cottage with your own hands if you wish. Technologically, the procedure is relatively simple. But here the design of the ventilation of the cottage of this type should still be entrusted to specialists. This will not only save on the number of laid ducts, but also to avoid all sorts of unnecessary problems in the future. The fact is that the slightest mistake in the design can lead to the fact that the system will work inefficiently, and at the same time it will also be energy-consuming. In addition, all sorts of mistakes when choosing the location of highways can cause problems and worse, for example, the appearance of the smell of the restroom in the kitchen or bedroom.
If desired, the supply and exhaust system can be improved by supplementing it with other types of climatic equipment, filters, etc. Simultaneous ventilation and air conditioning of the cottage, for example, can make living in it as comfortable as possible. In this case, special air-cooling units are usually used, which are included with the system itself.
Features of installation of ventilation in the pool
In residential premises, as mentioned above, the air exchange rate should be 1-2 volumes per hour. For pools, this indicator is four. After all, the air in this room is always very humid, which negatively affects the decoration of walls, floors and ceilings, various kinds of equipment, household appliances, etc.
In order to ensure a comfortable stay in the pool, it is important to properly design its ventilation system. To prevent the entry of moist air from this room into adjacent rooms, it is necessary to ensure that the amount of exhaust air is slightly larger than the incoming. In this case, dry streams from the rooms next to them, on the contrary, will begin to flow into the pool.
In addition, the pool ventilation in the cottage should be mounted in such a way that the windows are well blown. Otherwise, in the cold season, the windows will begin to fog up, as a result of which frost will appear on the frames and wings.
Who develops projects and how much does installation cost?
Self-assembly of the supply and exhaust system is a possible thing. However, in most cases, the owners of the cottages still prefer to delegate this work to specialists. You can usually order a cottage ventilation project and install a system from the same company that sells this type of climate equipment. The cost of the work in this case will depend on the performance of the installation. Below is an approximate list of prices for such a service:
- from 300 m 3 / h - 26 800 rubles;
- from 700 m 3 / h - 34 600 rubles .;
- from 1500 m 3 / h - 53 300 rubles;
- from 2000 m 3 / h - 71 900 rub.
For laying hard ducts you will have to pay about 350 rubles / m, flexible - 100 rubles / m. Sometimes heating system pipes can be additionally insulated. Such work costs about 100 rubles / m.
Conclusion
That's how the ventilation of the cottage is going. The procedure is relatively simple, but requires accuracy and accuracy. And if an exhaust fan or a supply valve can still be mounted independently, then assembling complex systems with your own hands is only necessary in the most extreme cases. Still, itβs better to hire specialists to arrange such ventilation.