Neuropsychic development shows how mature the nervous system is in a little man. Naturally, it is necessary to control this type of development no less, and sometimes even more than physical. And you can do it yourself.
Causes of developmental delays or delays
Neuropsychic development depends on a large number of factors. In particular: fetal hypoxia, gestosis or toxicosis during pregnancy, perinatal encephalopathy, stimulation, vacuum extraction, birth injury, infections during pregnancy, stress during gestation, low Apgar score.
How to evaluate development
When assessing neuropsychological development, several factors are always taken into account:
- whether there are reflexes or whether they are formed (first of all, these are conditioned reflexes, visual, food or auditory);
- unconditioned reflexes;
- a child’s smile;
- emotional reactions;
- attempts to attract the attention of adults;
- revitalization;
- recognition of parents or people who care for the child;
- the appearance in speech of words and syllables;
- Walking
- child plays or not;
- implementation of actions;
- negative reaction to toys or external stimuli;
- the perception of speech of others;
- understanding of the meaning of the words "can" and "not."
How to diagnose
They diagnose neuropsychiatric development of children in clinics with the help of a neurologist or pediatrician. Diagnosis is based on the course of pregnancy, on the age of a little man, a pre-painful condition or anamnesis.
Doctors do not miss a single indicator, but parents need not to overlook the moment. When the child does not hold his head, does not start to roll over, does not make any sounds, is not interested in toys and does not follow their eyes, does not speak, does not sit, does not walk, or speak very few words for his age, in all these cases you need to contact to doctors. And you do not need to wait for something, because procrastination can be fraught.
What to rely on
In order to understand whether the mental development of children is taking place in the right direction, one must rely on development tables. More detailed are made for children up to a year (each month has its own requirements), and for children under three years of age, development standards are determined by year. Let's analyze in more detail.
Development of children from a month to six months
Nervous mental development of young children is given a little more time, because the first year is the most important in human life.
- The first month of life. The child concentrates his attention for a short period of time on shiny and bright objects. Startled when he hears loud and sharp sounds. It is in the first month of life that most children begin to smile. If the child lies on his stomach, then he tries to hold his head.
- The second month of life. A little man, not looking up, watches the toy in front of his face. He begins to listen to loud sounds and smile in response to the speech of adults. The child can respond with a walk when they talk to him. Already holds the head while lying on his stomach for several minutes.
- The third month of life. Physical and neuropsychic development progresses. Now children can fix any item with their eyes and examine it for a long time. A child of three months already knows how to listen. Animation is observed in response to speech, it can be a smile, a walk, or active movements of the arms and legs. Continues to hold his head for several minutes while lying on his stomach.
- The fourth month of life. The child turns his head in all directions, recognizes the parents or people caring for him. Laughs loudly and gustingly. At this age, the child often flips from back to stomach and back. He actively walks and picks up toys that interest him.
- The fifth month of life. Assessment of neuropsychic development at this age is carried out by recognition by a small person of people close to him, rejection of strangers. With the help of adults, the child can stand on its legs, but will periodically push them. More and more desire to grab and talk.
- Sixth month of life. At this age, children turn over from one side to another, they themselves take toys. Now the child speaks syllables that are recognizable. He can eat from a spoon and not choke.
Development from six months to a year
- The seventh month of life. The active motor period begins. Children start or try to crawl. They transfer toys and objects of interest to them from one place to another, and also actively play. The kid clearly pronounces the words and does it with pleasure. The child readily drinks from a drinker or bottle, and also enjoys examining objects that adults show him.
- The eighth month of life. The indicators of the child’s neuropsychic development during this period are the active actions of the baby. Eight-month-old children crawl very well, they can sit down, stand up and move around the room themselves. A child can play toys for some time. He speaks words, syllables or tries to do it. Children at this age are actively learning everything, so you can teach them any action, for example, wave "bye-bye."
- The ninth month of life. A small person can already walk with support. Itself is able to come up with what to do with this or that subject. The babble of a child makes sense; words or syllables can be recognized. He shows where, what is, if asked, or reacts when his name is pronounced. He drinks from an adult mug and understands what adults want from him.
- The tenth month of life. A child can climb onto a sofa or bed, open doors and boxes. Already begin to copy the speech of adults, even intonation and timbre. The child understands what his elders want from him, drinks from a mug, pronounces the first words.
- The first year of life. The child's vocabulary has a dozen words. Most children walk independently. A little man fulfills the requests of adults, he drinks from a mug and picks it up in his hands.
After a year, there are still many important developmental issues that need to be controlled.
Development of a child up to one and a half years
The child can climb the stairs, crouches, bends. At this age, children have a desire to eat for themselves. In the game he takes care of toys (feeds, washes, combes), can show animals that he knows or other objects. He chooses his toy among many things, fulfills simple requests of adults. Accumulating a passive stock of words, can verbally express your emotions or interest.
Child development from one and a half to two years
Up to a year and nine months, children can partially take off their clothes, understand short stories or tales. If you show a picture and ask who is shown on it, they will respond. At this age, the child understands that you need to go to the toilet on the potty. When playing, begins to build something. He is already talking in two-word sentences; new concepts are constantly being added.
From a year and ten months to two years, the baby makes a leap in development and now knows a lot. For example, a child learns to run, kick the ball, jump in one place. Can wear a hat, socks or boots. In the game, logical actions are traced (the doll is fed, and then washed). If he is shown an object of a certain color and asked to find the same, he will find. At this age, children learn to play among themselves. Can express his thoughts with sentences of two or three words.
Development from two to two and a half years
Assessment of the neuropsychic development of children in this period occurs according to the following criteria:
- The child knows how to dress himself, but will not fasten or lace up things.
- There is consistency in games. For example, a toy is first fed, then bathed, and then only put to bed.
- It can fulfill a complex request, such as "open the closet, bring the book." All day may not mess.
- Sentences increase the number of words to five. The child already uses more than fifty words. He begins to ask: what is it? why? when? He knows his name and his last name. May answer some questions.
Development up to three years
The degree of psychological development is determined by the following criteria:
- The child can dress and fasten himself, as well as tie shoelaces.
- He shows imagination in games, his closet is his home, and his chair is his car. He begins to play role-playing games (during the game he divides the characters into moms, dads, and so on). He names the main colors, draws with a pencil and sculpts simple figures from plasticine.
- Knows the name of the parents. He speaks about himself using the pronoun "I", asks a large number of questions. Offers are getting complicated. With the help of speech, the child explains something or expresses his thoughts.
These are the criteria for the neuropsychic development of children.