Hemorrhagic spots can cause various pathologies. This disease is characterized by different forms, each of which has certain characteristics. But be that as it may, the occurrence of an abnormal rash requires immediate medical attention, who will prescribe the appropriate treatment.
general information
The appearance of hemorrhagic spots is associated with the rupture of capillaries, as a result of which part of the red blood cells is released. The visual condition of the skin in this case depends on the causes of this phenomenon. Rashes can look like dots, spots, stripes. The colors of the rash can be varied: scarlet, lilac, blue, purple.
With hemorrhagic spots, there is no release of inflammatory fluid - exudate. As a rule, the victim does not have pain, even at the time of pressure on the damaged skin. And the color of the rash in this case does not change. But against the background of severe peeling, the patient may encounter another unpleasant symptom of the disease - intolerable itching.
There is a secondary and primary form of hemorrhagic spots on the skin. In the latter embodiment, the rash becomes a sign of the progression of a disease. In the first case, we are talking about joining the pathology, which is accompanying.
Classification
In addition, hemorrhagic spots can occur in various forms. There are several categories of rash that vary in size.
- Petechiae. These are oval spots reaching a diameter of two millimeters. Such a rash is similar to insect bites and does not rise above the skin at all. There are dots in the center of the spots. At first, the rash has a bright red color, and then it gradually changes, acquiring a brown hue.
- Purples. Such spots can reach a whole centimeter in diameter. Individual parts of the rash can be combined into a single damage. The rash is brown and purple. Its occurrence is accompanied by severe burning and itching.
- Ecchymoses. Such hemorrhages have blurry contours. The size of the rash can reach several centimeters. Hue spots can be bright pink or black and blue.
If the pathology is rapidly progressing and has a severe course, then tissue necrosis in the middle of the rash can spread and provoke rejection of large areas of the skin. This, in turn, can cause a gangrenous process.
Clinical picture
For various reasons, immune complexes are created that are deposited on the walls of blood vessels. Long-term changes of this kind lead to the occurrence of a nonspecific inflammatory process. Against the background of this phenomenon, the vessels lose their own elasticity, they can easily be damaged, after which they simply burst. The release of red blood cells and fibrinogen provokes the formation of subcutaneous edema. Such a clinical picture is characteristic of hemorrhagic spots of immunocomplex pathogenesis.
With a disease of infectious etiology, a certain pathogen is present in the body that releases toxins. Pathogenic microorganisms affect the capillaries, leading to disorders in peripheral hemodynamics. The activity of the blood coagulation apparatus increases, which provokes the appearance of spots.
Features
One of the most common varieties of pathology is vasculitis. The clinical picture of this defect is characterized by the appearance of erythematous hemorrhagic spots that rise above the level of the epithelium. The appearance of small vesicles and nodes is observed, instead of which ulcers and erosions with a serous secretion form over time. When drying, the neoplasms become crusty.
The rash spreads mainly along the legs, especially in the area of the joints. In some cases, spots are localized on the body. In this case, the general condition of the victim, as a rule, does not change. Visually, you can determine the erythematous hemorrhagic spots from the photo. It is very important to pay attention to the external manifestations of the disease in time and immediately begin treatment. Usually this pathology has a chronic form, regularly recurs.
Causes
A hemorrhagic rash can appear at any age in both women and men. In adult patients, spots are often accompanied by liver damage. Most often, a pathological phenomenon covers the skin of the legs, arms or back. Although an abnormal rash can spread throughout the body. The causes of hemorrhagic spots on the legs and other parts of the body can be:
- alcohol abuse;
- prolonged exposure to chemicals;
- various damages;
- viruses, most often hepatitis;
- prolonged use of certain groups of medicines;
- regular consumption of fatty, smoked and fried foods;
- inflammatory processes in the body;
- infectious lesion;
- disorders in the functioning of the immune system;
- long stay in the sun or in the cold;
- severe intoxication;
- serious colds;
- an allergic reaction of the body;
- genetic predisposition.
If the liver is damaged, one of its main functions is violated - to promote blood coagulation. And this phenomenon, in turn, provokes the appearance of abnormal spots on the skin.
As already mentioned, one of the causes of hemorrhagic rashes may be a genetic predisposition. Among the probable diseases of this type, a hemophilia rash most often provokes.
Other prerequisites
In addition, hemorrhagic spots can occur due to vascular damage in Wegener's pathology. This autoimmune disease is localized or generalized. In the first variant of the pathology, the eyes and ENT organs are usually exposed. And with the generalized type, the respiratory tract is damaged, and the rash itself is formed on the legs.
Hemorrhagic spots can have an infectious nature. In this situation, the disease can be caused by:
- meningitis
- scarlet fever;
- tick bite.
It is far from always possible to determine the exact causes of a pathological rash. But be that as it may, only specialists should deal with the diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
Symptoms
Photos of hemorrhagic spots on the legs and other parts of the body provide an opportunity to see with your own eyes the signs of such a common pathology. The first symptom of the defect is small hemorrhages, which resemble miniature bruises. They can be located on the bends of the limbs, feet, palms and joints. In some situations, rashes cover the face. They can spread throughout the body.
Most often, hemorrhagic spots appear on the legs, which is why the diagnosis is significantly complicated. After all, such a sign is characteristic of many pathologies.
Another important symptom is damage to the joints. This symptom manifests itself in most cases of the disease. As a rule, the lesion covers the ankle or knee joint. In this case, the patient may be disturbed by a pain syndrome that occurs periodically. In some situations, an inflammatory process arises.
Visual signs of the disease can be seen in the photo of hemorrhagic spots.
Pathology is also characterized by sharp pains in the abdomen. Such symptoms can be accompanied by other manifestations:
- nausea;
- diarrhea;
- vomiting
- fever.
Some patients develop internal bleeding.
Features of signs
Depending on the cause of the anomaly, its symptoms can vary significantly. With meningitis, the rash is usually stellate with places of necrosis in the center. When a tick bites, rashes are plentiful and accompanied by fever. Visual pathology can be determined independently by looking at the photos of hemorrhagic spots.
A small rash may occur on the skin with liver damage. In such a situation, spots that itch may be a symptom of hemorrhagic syndrome. Spider veins may appear above the body. Unlike hemorrhagic spots, such hemorrhages temporarily disappear if you lightly press on the skin or stretch it.
With an exacerbation of the pathology in damaged places, blood can come out. And in moments of remission, the skin can be cleansed.
In the event of stellate rashes, the patient must be immediately hospitalized. After all, spots of this kind indicate a generalization of the phenomenon.
General principles of treatment
First of all, of course, the diagnosis of hemorrhagic spots should be confirmed. Photos of the disease will help in self-diagnosis, however, to finally verify the accuracy of suspicions is possible only with the help of laboratory tests.
The main objective of therapy is the elimination of the cause of spots, that is, the primary pathology. For example, if the disease was caused by meningitis, then its treatment is carried out exclusively in a hospital setting.
In fact, it is not the hemorrhagic spots themselves that are dangerous, but the causes that gave rise to them. If you do not worry about therapy in a timely manner, the patient may encounter a number of different complications. Among them, one can distinguish internal bleeding, disorders in the work of the cardiovascular system, liver, kidneys, and even gangrene.
Drug treatment
With hemorrhagic spots, doctors prescribe, as a rule, antibiotics, hormones and immunosuppressants.
- Antibacterial therapy is necessary to eliminate the infection. The appropriate medication is selected depending on the sensitivity to the pathogen.
- Hormone therapy is needed to suppress inflammatory processes. Corticosteroids, such as Prednisone, are commonly used for this.
- If the patient has a mild form of the defect, then the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is quite enough. Among them are most often used: "Piroxicam", "Diclofenac", "Indomethacin".
- Immunosuppressive therapy helps to suppress autoimmune processes, destroying the cells required to produce immunity. This type of treatment is resorted to only in cases where other methods have not brought the desired result.
- If the appearance of pathology provoked Wegener's disease, then complex therapy based on cytostatic medicines and glucocorticosteroids is used. The most commonly prescribed are Prednisone, Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate.
- Anticoagulants are also used in the treatment. Heparin is usually prescribed intravenously.
- If the patient complains of itching, then antihistamines, such as Tavegil or Suprastin , are necessary .
- In addition, with hemorrhagic spots, you need to cleanse the body of toxins. For this, sorbents are used, for example, Enterosgel, Lactofiltrum, activated carbon.
If the disease is caused by a genetic predisposition, the patient will need medication for life. Otherwise, irreparable changes may occur in the body.
Plasmapheresis
Another popular treatment for hemorrhagic spots. The patient is sampled, which is then cleaned of specific antibodies and returned to the blood circulation.
Plasmapheresis makes it possible to clean the biological fluid from autoimmune antibodies, immune complexes and substances that cause inflammation. This method of therapy brings a good, but temporary result.