Work in electrical installations should be carried out in accordance with the necessary requirements. The instructions are approved on the basis of current industry regulations. Consider further technical measures when working in electrical installations.
Primary requirements
Technical measures in electrical installations are carried out in a specific order. First of all, the necessary shutdowns are carried out and measures are taken to prevent the transmission of voltage to the place in case of independent or erroneous activation of switching equipment. The rules for the technical operation of thermal installations prescribe the use of prohibitory posters. They are hung out on remote control keys and manual control drives of switching devices.
On live parts, the absence of voltage is checked. These elements must be grounded to prevent electric shock to people. Grounding knives must be turned on. Maintenance of electrical installations must be carried out in accordance with warning and prescriptive placards. Sections and live parts remaining energized must be fenced. These technical measures when working in electrical installations are carried out depending on the conditions after or before grounding.
Specificity
The rules for the technical operation of electrical installations govern the number of people carrying out the above actions. When carrying out operational activities by two or more persons during a shift, two people perform them.
Technical measures when working in electrical installations, in addition to some of them, can be performed by one person in the case of sole activity. It is forbidden for one person to carry out the imposition of a portable grounding and to carry out switching operations carried out on 2 or more connections at a voltage of more than 1000 V in the absence of active interlocking devices of disconnectors that are triggered by incorrect actions.
Outages
Technical measures when working on electrical installations include blackout:
- Current-carrying parts on which the activity will be carried out.
- Unshielded current-carrying elements that people can approach.
In the absence of the ability to disconnect, live parts must be fenced. At voltages greater than 1000 V, a gap should be visible from all sides from where the current can be supplied by the switching device, which is formed by disconnecting or removing wires and buses, fuses, disconnecting disconnectors, circuit breakers and load separators, except for those in which automatic switching is carried out by means of springs, installed on devices. Technical measures when working in electrical installations also involve the de-energization of transformers (power and others), which are associated with the site of the activity. This will eliminate the reverse transformation.
Equipment requirements
In electrical installations, the voltage of which is more than 1000 V, in order to avoid spontaneous or erroneous activation of switching devices, by means of which current can be supplied to the section, there should be:
- Manual drives are closed for mechanical locks at switches, separators and disconnectors.
- Stationary barriers are locked at switching devices controlled by an operational bar.
- For actuators of disconnectors, circuit breakers, load separators equipped with remote control, the operating current and power circuits are de-energized. In pneumatic devices, in addition, the valve must be mechanically locked on the compressed air supply pipe. The drain plugs are left open.
- The springs or weights of the respective actuators are brought intooperative.
Prevention of erroneous inclusion
Necessary measures are taken in accordance with the requirements contained in the service manual for switchgear complete devices. According to the regulations, in devices with a voltage of 6-10 kV, equipped with single-pole disconnectors, to prevent erroneous connection, it is allowed to put rubber caps on knives. In electrical installations up to 1000 V with current-carrying elements, where work will be carried out, it is necessary to remove voltage from all sides by de-energizing switching devices equipped with manual drives. If there are fuses in the circuit, disconnection is carried out by removing them. If they are absent, de-energization is carried out:
- By locking doors or cabinet handles.
- Shelter buttons.
- By installing insulating pads between the contacts and so on.
It is also permitted to relieve voltage by a switching device, which is equipped with a remote control, if the wires are disconnected by a switching coil. If the nature of the work and the design features of the devices allow, then the above measures can be replaced by splitting or disconnecting the ends of the wires, cable from them or from the equipment with which further actions will be carried out.
Important point
As the rules for the technical operation of electrical installations say, disconnection or expansion must be carried out by a person from the re-staff, under the guidance of the person who allows it. The live parts that are closest to the site and are accessible for random (unintentional) touches are either relieved or protected. The disconnected state of switching devices with a voltage of less than 1000 V with inaccessible contacts for inspection (package switches, withdrawable circuit breakers , closed circuit breakers, etc.) is determined by checking the absence of voltage on the outgoing buses or terminals.
Organizational activities in electrical installations
For the safe implementation of activities it is necessary:
- Execution of an order, order or list of actions.
- Issuance of permits for site preparation and admission in cases stipulated by the Rules.
- Provide control during the activities of employees.
- To arrange breaks, transfers to another site, completion of work.
Responsible persons
Organizational measures in electrical installations are carried out:
- Issuing an order, giving orders, approving a list of actions.
- Head of work.
- Issuing permission to prepare the site and for admission in cases specified in the Rules.
- Observers.
- Members of the brigade.
- Admitting.
- The manufacturer of the work.
Tasks of responsible persons
Authorized employees determine the opportunity and need for work. They are responsible for the correctness and completeness of the security measures specified in the order or order, the quantitative and qualitative composition of the brigade. There should be two or more people in it, including the manufacturer of the work. Authorized persons appoint safety officers at the site, monitor the compliance of the actions performed by the groups of specialists listed in the order. They also conduct targeted briefings with the supervisor, job manager, or supervisor.