Cancer of the intestinal mucosa is a widespread type of cancer. Most often, people over 55 face it. Factors that often play a role in the formation of malignant neoplasms include nutrition.
And now we will talk about which diet for bowel cancer must be followed, which products are allowed and prohibited, as well as other nuances related to this topic.
General Provisions
The probability of the formation of malignant neoplasms is high if proteins, animal fats and refined products predominate in the human diet for many years, while the fiber is not enough.
If you eat this way, then putrefactive processes will constantly prevail in the intestine. This will not lead to anything good. The bile acids that the microflora form, as well as the products of protein decay, are carcinogenic. As a result, the likelihood of tumors increases significantly.
Nutrition principles
Now we can proceed to the study of the features shown in bowel cancer diet. Proper nutrition is an integral part of maintenance therapy. It can significantly improve the results of treatment, minimize the side effects of chemical and radiation therapy, and also improve the quality of life.
A diet for bowel cancer is being developed taking into account many factors. The following features are taken into account:
- The presence of nutritional deficiency and its severity.
- Metabolic disorders and their features.
- The period of the disease (before surgery or after).
- The psychological and physical condition of the patient.
It is worth noting that the patient himself suffering from oncology, feels certain changes regarding his preferences. He has an aversion to meat products, his appetite worsens due to abdominal pain and heaviness.
At the same time, weight decreases, blood appears in the feces, anemia and increased fatigue are possible. Fortunately, these symptoms can be mitigated, and then eliminated by adjusting the diet.
Before surgery
It is very important to prepare the body for surgery. A diet for bowel cancer before surgery involves observing a daily energy value of 2400-2600 calories.
It is important to reduce the amount of fat consumed by 20-25%. It is necessary to refuse such products:
- Refractory animal fats.
- Easily digestible, refined carbohydrates.
- Products with food additives.
- Fast food.
- Semi-finished products.
- Sausages.
- Carbonated drinks.
- Confectionery.
- Crisps.
- Salt.
- Fatty red meat.
- Salted, spicy, smoked, fatty foods.
Variety of the diet is recommended cereals, vegetables and fruits. Dairy and vegetable products should prevail. If the patient suffers from anorexia-cachexia syndrome, then it is necessary to switch to enhanced nutrition. Because the operation leads to nitrogen losses, and as a result, the body's need for energy increases.
If you do not adjust the nutrition, then a negative nitrogen balance and water-electrolyte disturbances will develop.
Fortified diet
An enriched diet protects the patient from weight loss during the recovery period, which he will have to cope with after surgery.
Energy value should be approximately 3500-4000 calories. In this case, the protein content is calculated based on the following norm - from 1.2 to 1.5 grams per 1 kg of patient weight.
It is highly recommended that you include sprats, red caviar, pastes, creams, chocolate, cheeses, cream, honey, eggs and nuts in your diet.
After operation
During this period, a person will have to observe the most sparing diet. What diet for bowel cancer after surgery is shown to the patient? The best option is table No. 0A.
Within 1-2 days, fasting is supposed. Then the person is given rice broth, a weak broth, berry jelly. Gradually, the diet includes mucous soups, mashed cereals on the water, soft-boiled eggs and protein omelettes. A little later, mashed meat and fish and steam souffle are allowed.
Starting from the 2nd week they give mashed soups with vegetables, cereals in milk (buckwheat and semolina), mashed potatoes, cream curd diluted with cream, steamed meat patties, sour cream, mashed baked apples, jelly and yogurt.
Such a diet provides the intestines with maximum peace - flatulence is not provoked, feces are formed in small quantities. On the 7th day, constipation may appear, in which case the diet includes kefir, mashed prunes and dried apricots, as well as boiled beets.
During rehabilitation
After surgery, the diet for bowel cancer in the next 4-6 months will be quite strict. The patient is shown table No. 4B. Here are the principles of nutrition:
- Food should be easily digestible, fresh and well-wiped.
- You need to eat in small portions 5-6 times a day, chewing properly.
- Vegetable and cereal soups are prepared on a weak broth. The basis is minced meat and meatballs.
- Allowed vegetables (potatoes, carrots and zucchini) must be shredded.
- Cereals should be wiped.
- A sufficient amount of fluid must be fed to prevent constipation.
- The amount of meat consumed is limited. It is better to abandon it in favor of lean fish.
- It is necessary to drink “live” kefir and natural yogurt - these products normalize the intestinal microflora.
- Bread is allowed, but only from wheat flour and dried.
- Vegetables can also be eaten, but boiled and mashed.
- Porridge is boiled on the water. All are allowed except pearl barley, millet, barley and corn.
- Sour-milk products can be consumed without restrictions. Sour cream, cream and whole milk are only as additives in dishes.
- Of the drinks, rosehip infusion, diluted with water juices, weak teas and still mineral water, is recommended.
In the later stages of the diet for bowel cancer, you need to add foods with a high content of dietary fiber and vitamins to the diet. Their best sources are whole grain bread, cereals, fruits and vegetables. Meat can be added to the diet, but not get carried away with it. It is better to give preference to seafood, river and sea fish.
Prohibited Products
The postoperative diet for colon cancer involves a strict rejection of the following products and products:
- Fatty broths.
- Red meat.
- Legumes
- Vegetables that irritate the mucous membranes: onions, radishes, celery, radishes, garlic, spinach, peppers.
- Wholemeal bread.
- Canned fish and meat.
- Any fresh bread.
- Spicy sauces and mustard.
- Margarine.
- Natural milk.
- Butter dough.
- Smoked products.
- Cooking oil.
- Coarse cereals.
- Beef and pork fat.
- Soda.
- Ice cream, chocolate, cakes.
Of course, foods that stimulate the production of digestive juices and also contribute to the processes of decay and fermentation are still banned.
Allowed Products
Diet for intestinal cancer of the 4th degree involves the inclusion of such products in your diet:
- Low-fat meat (turkey and chicken), cooked by boiling or steaming. You can make cutlets.
- Soups on vegetable broth or weak meat broth.
- Low-fat fish. It is recommended to use it in the form of knels or cutlets, sometimes it can be a piece.
- Dried wheat bread in small quantities.
- Crumbly cereals, noodles, vermicelli. Cook on water, you can add a little cream. Puddings, pancakes, casseroles are allowed.
- One or two eggs daily in the form of a steam omelet or soft-boiled.
- Fresh cottage cheese, low-fat dairy products. Milk and cream are allowed, but only in ready meals. Butter is also possible, but up to 10 g / day.
- Cauliflower, zucchini, potatoes, carrots. If a person has good tolerance, then you can add green beans, beets and green peas to the soup.
- Garden greens.
- Homemade sauces that can be prepared with milk, fish or meat broth.
- Ripe and sweet fruits without peel in the amount of 200 g / day.
- Jam, marshmallows, caramel, marmalade and candy.
Of the drinks, you can drink cocoa on the water with the addition of milk, tea and coffee, water-diluted juices, still mineral water, jelly, stewed fruit and rosehip broth.
Menu for the week
Having examined the principles of the diet for chemotherapy for bowel cancer and for the disease as a whole, an approximate diet can be studied.
Monday:
- Breakfast: tea and oatmeal on the water.
- Snack: cracker and decoction of dried fruits.
- Lunch: a glass of juice, salad and vegetarian cabbage soup.
- Snack: cookies with kefir.
- Dinner: a glass of jelly and fish with vegetables.
- At night: yogurt.
Tuesday:
- Breakfast: tea and egg "in the bag."
- Snack: permitted fruits.
- Lunch: steam cutlet, a little pea soup, a glass of fruit drink.
- Snack: juice and cheesecakes.
- Dinner: a piece of turkey, a little buckwheat and a glass of tea.
- At night: scrambled eggs.
Wednesday:
- Breakfast: jelly and cookies.
- Snack: cottage cheese casserole.
- Lunch: pilaf with chicken, lean borsch and a glass of tea.
- Snack: fresh fruit.
- Dinner: steam fish, salad, a glass of fruit drink.
- At night: bread and kefir.
Thursday:
- Breakfast: scrambled eggs and compote.
- Snack: berry jelly.
- Lunch: vegetable stew, cabbage soup and tea.
- Snack: natural yogurt and cookies.
- Dinner: steamed meatballs, vitamin salad and juice.
- At night: cheesecakes.
Friday:
- Breakfast: a glass of fruit drink and rice pudding.
- Snack: fresh fruit.
- Lunch: vegetable salad, bean soup, cabbage rolls and tea.
- Snack: muesli.
- Dinner: a piece of chicken, buckwheat, a glass of jelly.
- Snack: cookies and kefir.
Saturday:
- Breakfast: compote and scrambled eggs.
- Snack: berry jelly.
- Lunch: vegetable salad, lean borsch and tea.
- Snack: syrniki.
- Dinner: pasta casserole with minced meat, a glass of jelly.
- At night: a glass of juice and crackers.
Sunday:
- Breakfast: cottage cheese pudding and a glass of fruit drink.
- Snack: fruit salad.
- Lunch: milk soup, carrot cutlets and tea.
- Snack: berry jelly.
- Dinner: cabbage rolls and compote.
- At night: yogurt.
As you can see, the menu shown by the diet for bowel cancer is physiologically complete, as well as very diverse.
Vegetable Soup
Much has been said above about the features of the diet for stage 4 bowel cancer. Now you can study the recipes for some of the allowed foods.
Pumpkin and carrot soup puree definitely needs to be included in your diet. It is rich in beta-carotene and antioxidants, and after all, these components have a pronounced preventive effect in cancer. Ginger, which can be added in small quantities, will make the dish more piquant, and also positively affect the digestive system.
For cooking you will need:
- carrots - 500 g;
- onion - 1 pc.;
- pumpkin - 500 g;
- ginger - 25 g;
- water - 1 l;
- olive oil - 3 tbsp. l .;
- soy sauce - 1 tbsp. l .;
- bay leaf - 1-2 pcs.
Heat olive oil in a pan with a thick bottom. Chop and fry the onion. Add carrots, ginger and pumpkin, diced. When they reach half-cookedness, you need to add water and bring the soup to a boil over low heat. Add spices at the very end. 5 more minutes to darken, then remove the bay leaf, and grind all the almost ready soup in a blender. Such a dish is prepared on average 40 minutes.
Broccoli and Mushroom Stew
Another tasty and healthy dish allowed by the diet after bowel cancer. Broccoli contains indoles - substances that prevent the growth of tumor cells. Special mushrooms are needed - shiitake, they are known for their anti-cancer properties.
For cooking you will need:
- broccoli - 200 g;
- shiitake - 50 g;
- nonfat meat - 250 g;
- vegetable broth - 100 ml;
- tomato - 1 pc;
- olive oil - 2-3 tablespoons
Mushrooms should be fried in olive oil, then add meat. When a golden crust appears, you need to pour them with broth and bring to a boil. Then add broccoli. Strain the tomato in another pan, and when it is ready, add to the stew. After 10-15 minutes it will be ready.
Potatoes with cheese
A very appetizing and permitted diet for intestinal cancer with metastases is an appetizer that is elementary in cooking. You will need:
- potato tubers - 6 pcs.;
- cheese - 100 g;
- soy sauce - 1 tbsp. l
Potatoes must be boiled in their uniforms. Then put on a plate, season lightly with soy sauce, then sprinkle with grated cheese. Then send in the microwave for 5 minutes. That's the whole recipe.
Greek cabbage
Finally, it is worth considering this recipe. To make cabbage in Greek, you will need:
- carrots - 2 pcs.;
- white cabbage - 600 g;
- onion - 1 pc.;
- water - 1 cup;
- tomato paste - 100 ml;
- rice groats - ½ cup;
- dill and salt to taste.
Finely chop the vegetables. Slightly stir the carrots with onions in a pan until transparent, then add the cabbage. Strain until the mixture is soft. Then sprinkle with salt, add thoroughly washed rice, pour a glass of water and paste. Simmer until cooked. Sprinkle with chopped herbs before serving.