Residual-organic damage to the central nervous system: causes and consequences

The central nervous system is the main regulator of the entire body. Indeed, in the cortical structures of the brain there are departments responsible for the functioning of each system. Thanks to the central nervous system, normal functioning of all internal organs, regulation of hormone secretion, and psychoemotional balance are ensured. Under the influence of adverse factors, organic damage to the structure of the brain occurs. Often, pathologies develop in the first year of a child's life, but can also be diagnosed in the adult population. Despite the fact that the central nervous system is directly connected with organs due to nerve processes (axons), damage to the cortex is dangerous due to the development of severe consequences even with the normal state of all functional systems. The treatment of brain diseases should be started as early as possible, in most cases it takes a long time - for several months or years.

Description of residual organic lesion of the central nervous system

As you know, the central nervous system is a coordinated system in which each of the links performs an important function. As a result, damage to even a small part of the brain can lead to disruption in the body. In recent years, damage to nerve tissue is increasingly observed in pediatric patients. To a greater extent this applies only to babies born. In such situations, a diagnosis of residual organic lesion of the central nervous system in children is made. What is it and is this disease treatable? The answers to these questions concern each parent. It should be borne in mind that such a diagnosis is a collective concept, which can include many different pathologies. The selection of therapeutic measures and their effectiveness depend on the prevalence of damage and the general condition of the patient. Sometimes residual organic damage to the central nervous system occurs in adults. Often, the pathology arises as a result of injuries, inflammatory diseases, intoxication. The term "residual organic lesion of the central nervous system" implies any residual effects after damage to the nerve structures. The prognosis, as well as the consequences of such a pathology, depends on how badly the brain function is impaired. In addition, great importance is attached to the topical diagnosis and identification of the site of damage. After all, each of the structures of the brain must perform certain functions.

Causes of residual organic brain damage in children

Residual-organic damage to the central nervous system in children is diagnosed quite often. Causes of nervous disorders can occur both after the birth of the child and during pregnancy. In some cases, damage to the central nervous system occurs due to complications of the birth certificate. The main mechanisms for the development of residual organic lesions are trauma and hypoxia. There are many factors that provoke a violation of the nervous system in a child. Among them:

1. Genetic predisposition. If the parents have any psycho-emotional deviations, then the risk of developing them in the baby increases. Examples are pathologies such as schizophrenia, neurosis, epilepsy.
2. Chromosomal abnormalities. The cause of their occurrence is unknown. Improper DNA construction is associated with adverse environmental factors, stress. Due to chromosomal abnormalities, pathologies such as Down's disease, Shershevsky-Turner syndrome, Patau, etc.
3. The impact of physical and chemical factors on the fetus. This refers to adverse environmental conditions, ionizing radiation, the use of drugs and drugs.
4. Infectious and inflammatory diseases during the laying of the embryonic nervous tissue.
5. Toxicosis of pregnancy. Especially dangerous for the condition of the fetus are late gestosis (pre- and eclampsia).
6. Placental circulation disturbance, iron deficiency anemia. These conditions lead to fetal ischemia.
7. Complicated labor (weakness of uterine contractions, narrow pelvis, placental abruption).

Residual-organic damage to the central nervous system in children can develop not only in the perinatal period, but also after it. The most common cause is head injury at an early age. Also, risk factors include taking drugs with a teratogenic effect, and narcotic substances during breastfeeding.

The appearance of residual organic brain damage in adults

In adulthood, signs of residual organic damage are less common, however, in some patients they are present. Often the cause of such episodes is injuries sustained in early childhood. In this case, neuropsychic abnormalities are long-term consequences. Residual-organic brain damage occurs for the following reasons:

1. Post-traumatic illness. Regardless of when the damage to the central nervous system occurred, residual (residual) symptoms remain. Often they include headache, convulsive syndrome, mental disorders.
2. Condition after surgery. This is especially true of brain tumors, which are removed with the capture of nearby nervous tissue.
3. The use of drugs. Depending on the type of substance, the symptoms of residual organic damage may vary. Most often, serious violations are observed with prolonged use of opiates, cannabinoids, synthetic drugs.
4. Chronic alcoholism

In some cases, residual-organic damage to the central nervous system is observed after inflammatory diseases. These include meningitis, various types of encephalitis (bacterial, tick-borne, post-vaccination).

The mechanism of the development of central nervous system damage

Residual damage to the central nervous system is always caused by adverse factors that preceded earlier. In most cases, the basis of the pathogenesis of such symptoms is cerebral ischemia. In children, it develops even during fetal development. Due to insufficient blood supply to the placenta, the fetus receives little oxygen. As a result, the full development of the nervous tissue is disrupted, fetopathy occurs. Significant ischemia leads to intrauterine growth retardation, the birth of a child earlier than gestation. Symptoms of brain hypoxia can occur in the first days and months of life. Residual-organic damage to the central nervous system in adults often develops due to traumatic and infectious causes. Sometimes the pathogenesis of nervous disorders is associated with metabolic (hormonal) disorders.

Syndromes with residual organic damage to the central nervous system

In neurology and psychiatry, there are several main syndromes that can occur both independently (against the background of a brain disease), and can be regarded as a residual CNS lesion. In some cases, a combination is observed. The following signs of residual organic damage are distinguished:

1. Cerebrosthenic syndrome. Its manifestations are considered to be fatigue, poor mastery of the school curriculum, general weakness, tearfulness, and mood changes.
2. Neurosis-like syndrome. It is characterized by the development of phobias, enuresis (uncontrolled urination at night), and motor excitement (tics).
3. Hyperactivity Disorder and Attention Deficit Disorder. It is observed in children of primary and secondary school age.
4. Encephalopathy The main manifestations are sleep disturbance, memory loss, perseverance. In severe cases, focal neurological symptoms, convulsions are observed.
5. Psychopathy. It is characterized by disobedience, aggressiveness. In adulthood - mood lability, hysterical reactions, asocial behavior.

Most often, cerebral hypoxia leads to diffuse symptoms, when the listed syndromes combine with each other, they are not very pronounced. The prevalence of focal symptoms is rare.

The clinical picture with central nervous system damage

Most often, symptoms of residual-organic damage to the central nervous system appear some time after exposure to an unfavorable factor. With perinatal hypoxia of the fetus, violations can be noticeable already in the first month of life. Depending on the degree of damage, the following symptoms may occur:

1. Minor damage to nerve tissue: tearfulness, poor sleep, memory loss. At school age, a child may experience attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, a tendency to hysterical conditions, phobias.
2. Damage to the central nervous system of moderate severity has such manifestations as constant crying, breast abandonment, convulsive syndrome, enuresis.
3. In severe cases, focal neurological symptoms are observed. It includes muscle weakness, paresis and paralysis of the extremities, a delay in physical and mental development, generalized cramps, etc.

Residual organic lesion of the central nervous system: ICD-10 code

Like all pathologies, a violation of neuropsychic development has a certain code in the international classification of diseases. It is worth understanding the vastness of the concept of "residual organic lesion of the central nervous system." The code (ICD-10) for this pathology is G96.9. This code refers to the diagnosis of "unspecified damage to the central nervous system." In more specific cases, the ICD-10 code changes to a specific nosology.

Residual organic lesion of the central nervous system: treatment of pathology

The treatment of residual organic lesions is aimed at strengthening the nervous system, rehabilitation of a person in society. It is important to understand that the patient's loved ones should be patient. With the right approach, treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of the disease. Nootropic, sedatives, antipsychotics, tranquilizers and psychostimulants are used as drug therapy. To improve cerebral circulation, prescribe solutions of Piracetam, Curantil, Cerebrolysin. Physiotherapeutic treatment, massage, and bioacoustic correction of the brain are also indicated .

What could be the consequences of residual organic damage?

The consequences of residual organic damage to the central nervous system depend on the degree of the disease and the approach to treatment. With mild violations, you can achieve a full recovery. Severe damage to the central nervous system is dangerous in the development of conditions such as cerebral edema, spasm of the respiratory muscles, damage to the cardiovascular center. To avoid such complications, constant monitoring of the patient is necessary.

Organic disability disability

Treatment should be started as soon as the appropriate diagnosis is established - "residual organic lesion of the central nervous system." Disability with this disease is not always assigned. With severe violations and lack of treatment effectiveness, a more accurate diagnosis is established. Most often, this is “post-traumatic brain disease”, “epilepsy”, etc. Depending on the severity of the condition, 2 or 3 disability groups are assigned.

Prevention of residual organic damage to the central nervous system

To avoid residual organic damage to the central nervous system, it is necessary to be observed by a doctor during pregnancy. For any abnormalities, seek medical attention. It is also worth refraining from taking medicines, bad habits.