In the modern world, a person is exposed to many dangers. However, the so-called emergency situations pose the greatest threat. An emergency is such a special environment that arises as a result of many factors and causes significant damage to people and the environment. This, for example, accident, disaster or natural disaster. Emergency (emergency) is usually characterized by damage to human health and life, disturbance of the natural environment, significant material losses, as well as violations of the conditions of normal life of people.
Emergency Features
From all that has been said earlier, it follows that the definition in question (emergency) in most developed countries is traditionally considered to be the cause of the increased risks in both the natural and man-made sectors. The latter, in turn, lead to significant changes not only in the economy of the state, but also in the political direction. For the last ten years, all kinds of natural disasters and man-made disasters caused by the action of anthropogenic factors have occurred on the entire surface of our planet. In this regard, humanity suffers (hundreds or even thousands of people can die at a time), and significant, sometimes irreparable, environmental damage is done. It is important to remember that the harm caused by natural emergencies is measured by the nature and extent of the consequences.
Damage categories
According to the current legislation, the term "emergency" means a particularly difficult situation, which was formed in a given area of the territory as a result of a certain malicious event. As mentioned earlier, the damage done is usually evaluated depending on the severity of the consequences. In turn, the main components of the term under consideration at present are losses and damage. What is the difference between these two categories, so similar at first glance?
Losses
From the foregoing, it can be concluded that natural emergencies pose a serious danger to the normal functioning of people. In turn, the term "loss" means all kinds of injuries, illnesses and injuries of people of varying severity (up to the loss of life) resulting from an emergency. Similar consequences of emergencies are not uncommon. About fifty thousand people die every year in various disasters only in the Russian Federation, and about 250 thousand are injured.
Damage
The definition of "emergency" also includes the above concept. It expresses both financial and material damage, which is caused as a result of complex and dangerous situations. Similar consequences of emergencies are divided into two main groups.
Direct damage
As a rule, it includes any damaging effects that can lead to damage and destruction of various objects of social or economic importance. In addition, this aspect, which includes the definition of “emergency”, also includes various types of damage to the natural environment, as well as available resources.
Indirect damage
In turn, this category is characterized by the suspension of normal business operations and the so-called lost profit. In addition, the category under consideration includes the costs of eliminating the most dangerous situation itself, as well as its possible long-term consequences. In connection with the above circumstance, the prevention and liquidation of emergency situations have now acquired a nationally significant character. It is the presence of dangers - both natural and man-made bias - that determines the above measures. Let's consider them a little more in detail.
Emergency Classification
As mentioned earlier, the nature of emergencies can be different. For example, environmental, man-made, natural and so on. However, all of them are classified according to certain criteria that characterize the phenomena under consideration from all sorts of sides.
General division
The main classification distinguishes the previously described categories depending on the types of underlying causes. It traditionally takes into account the sources of emergencies, as well as the most important indicators of their occurrence. Often at this stage, in addition to the main features, factors and types of ownership, scale and causality are considered. Nevertheless, in contrast to all of the above, it should be noted that when talking about the classification of such emergencies, as well as about its main directions, it should be remembered that the dangerous situations in question are characterized by their diversity and originality. Thus, this circumstance can be considered one of the most important features of emergency situations. Nevertheless, the dynamics of each emergency can be divided into a certain number of stages.
Developmental stages
In the modern world, the definition of "emergency" involves several main stages. Let's consider each in more detail. The preliminary stage is the formation and development of one of the types of disasters (man-made, environmental, and so on). At the same stage, there is an accumulation of various deviations from normal processes. In turn, the first stage is characterized by the initiation of an emergency, as well as the subsequent growth of this process. This stage differs from the rest in that it begins a negative impact on people and their areas of life. In particular, economic processes, the present infrastructure, and also the natural environment are often involved in such processes. The second stage is determined by the emergency response. Among other things, the elimination of the identified consequences of a disaster (environmental, man-made or natural) begins. In some cases, the beginning of the considered stage can take a count even during the first. But its end is marked, as a rule, by the transition of the affected economic and social structures, as well as the population, to the everyday and so-called normal mode of life. Thus, the elimination of the remaining long-term consequences is traditionally referred to the third stage. A characteristic feature of this stage is the fact that it takes place only if it becomes necessary to completely eliminate the results of emergencies. At the same time, the expended efforts are considered to be sufficiently significant and, most importantly, long in time. Thus, the work done can be considered an integral part of socio-economic activity, which is carried out to ensure stability and further development of the affected region.
Emergency protection
This term is a combination of various events that are interconnected by time, venue and resources used. The main objective of such actions is to reduce as much as possible, as well as to completely prevent losses among the population and to eliminate as much as possible the threat to health and normal life of each individual member. It should be remembered that protection is carried out not only from the effects of direct sources, but also from related damaging factors. In turn, the need to prepare and implement the measures under consideration, which are included in the category of protections “emergency situations: life safety”, is determined, on the one hand, by the right to protect life and interests, which is granted according to the current legislation, and on the other, the risk of being prone to disaster or disaster. Thus, the above measures are an important part of the prevention and elimination of hazardous situations, which means that they can be carried out both at a preventive and operational level, depending on the nature of the possible threat.
Preparation stages
Measures to protect the population during emergencies are traditionally carried out according to the production and territorial principle. Thus, they may vary depending on the possible types of hazards. At present, explanatory discussions and the introduction of simulated environments in enterprises or organizations are actively used. Thanks to such events, people can undergo all appropriate training, and without interruption from their main job.
Main complex
As a rule, all training measures can traditionally be divided into several stages or categories. All of them together form a set of protective measures for the protection of the population adopted by the current legislation. Such groups traditionally include:
- Alerting people of imminent danger. In addition, periodic information should be provided on the development and options for dealing with emergencies.
- Evacuation from dangerous regions.
- Possibilities of engineering protection of the population.
- Chemical and radiation safety.
- Activities for the medical care of citizens.