Each operator of complex turning equipment needs to familiarize themselves with the “safety precautions when working on a lathe”. Workers will be warned of the degree of risk in violation of instructions. Practice has proved that the lack of information about the source of danger increases the degree of injury at the enterprise.
The main purpose of the briefings
Safety information when working on a lathe is necessary to preserve the life and health of employees, as well as to avoid damage to expensive equipment components. Everyone who controls sophisticated equipment is required to get certification. The technology should be developed taking into account the instructions of the enterprise and the requirements of Rostekhnadzor in the field of industrial facilities.
Safety measures when working on a lathe include:
- use of personal protective equipment;
- installation of locking mechanisms and devices;
- installation of protective devices;
- placement of warning and prohibition signs and posters;
- if necessary, the use of medical care and fire fighting;
- development of methods for providing assistance to victims;
- the study of methods of action in accidents and emergencies.
In the Russian Federation, all employees of enterprises are required to have labor protection certificates. Each student attends lectures for 40 hours, followed by passing an exam on the material passed. Before admission to independent performance of duties, the leader must conduct briefings: introductory and at the workplace.
Sources of danger from electricity
Safety when working on a lathe includes "Intersectoral rules for labor protection in electrical installations." The equipment is powered by 380 volts of alternating current. The second security group should have: operators, adjusters, mechanics. The third group of electrical safety must have all electricians and electronics engineers.
The machine must be grounded, all wires passing through the outer part of the bed must be protected from metal or laid in a metal braid. It is forbidden to touch exposed areas with hands. If sparks or smoke are detected, it is recommended to immediately stop the operation with an emergency fungus and disconnect the circuit with the main switch.
Liquids should not get on electric elements: terminal boxes, motors, operator panels. Under the operator’s feet, a floor must be installed to prevent moisture buildup in the event of an emergency leak of coolants or oil. It is desirable that a dielectric base be placed under the feet.
Dangers from mechanical components
The main purpose of safety when working on a lathe is to briefly list the dangers to human physical health:
- rotating mechanisms and transport nodes;
- unexpected start of the program when outsiders are in the working area.
Rotating mechanisms and transport nodes include: loading and unloading manipulators, risks in the cutting zone (rotation and clamping of the chuck, rotating workpiece, clamping and unclamping of the tailstock). The instructions indicate the prohibition of operations in an open workspace and the absence of glasses, work clothes and shoes with closed noses. In the absence of coverage of the workspace, use protective glasses. The latter reliably secure the eyes from flying chips and drops of coolant.
There are risks of pinching fingers with moving parts: carriage, chuck jaws, workpiece. Danger arises when the cartridge and workpiece rotate. In this case, the operator must have buttoned sleeves of clothing. It is not allowed to approach the working area or adjust the workpiece with your hands while the machine is working.
Processing Risks
Safety measures when working on a metal lathe include:
- worker eye protection;
- protection against flying parts;
- exclusion of external negative factors.
When processing metals, the chips are hot, and they are melted into plastic objects, so special requirements are put forward for workwear and protective equipment. An external hazard is uneven lighting. The working area should not have low as well as excessive lighting. Departing from the light area of the machine, the operator or the adjuster may stumble or fall due to the fact that the vision has not yet had time to change to a darker area of the room.
Climatic conditions in the room can also be dangerous for workers when deviating from the recommended: 25 degrees, humidity about 70%. These conditions are considered in safety measures when working on a wood lathe. Wood shavings are no less dangerous, although its departure speed is definitely lower than that of metal.
Woodworking carries risks similar to working with metal. But grabbing for clothes from a rotating wooden workpiece occurs more often. Many turners clean the rotating surface with a sandpaper, holding its ends with their hands. This is unacceptable from the point of view of safe work.
Automated Machines
Safety measures when working on a CNC lathe include:
- complete hooding of the machine;
- the use of locks and light barriers;
- emergency alarm.
The machine will not start working until all the locks are locked and the messages are “acknowledged” (errors cleared). When an alarm occurs, the machine automatically switches to stop mode.
Additional measures
Structurally, shields, shields, and covers are introduced into the machine to prevent chips and coolant from escaping from the processing zone. Each motor and cover are grounded. Transparent glasses are made of durable materials that can withstand the impact of the flying workpiece. All rotating mechanisms and live parts are closed by covers.
Special channels, bathtubs and tanks are used to collect oil and liquids. The cartridge is closed by a separate casing, when opened, power circuits are blocked.