Not every employee will be able to correctly assess the conditions of their work. This article will tell you all about the environments that representatives of various professions have to deal with.
What is a production characteristic?
In various cases of necessity, the administration is obliged to issue an official document to the employee, called the "production characteristic". This document can be presented in different forms and types, because everything will depend on the purposes for which it will be needed.
Of course, all kinds of production characteristics will be very difficult to calculate. However, it is worth highlighting the three most common types of this document. These include:
Production characteristics from the place of work . Help is written in any form; the main condition here is a description of the professional, social or official activities of the employee, as well as an assessment of personal and business qualities.
Production characteristics of working conditions for a student who completed practical training at the enterprise. This form of document is not so common, but it also has a place to be. In this case, the certificate is made in free form. Provided by its head of practice or representative of the organizational personnel service.
The production characteristics of the employee’s working conditions necessary for him to undergo VTEK (medical labor expert commission) and ITU (medical social examination). This form of document is one of the most famous and common. It is compiled during a full medical examination of the patient. The degree of loss (partial or full) of the employee's work capacity is established, the group of his disability is determined. This is all necessary, of course, for the results of the examination for the compliance of working conditions with the health of the employee. The document itself is issued by the employer, pre-executed in full compliance with hygiene characteristics. Also, the certificate should include characteristics on labor productivity, on all standards for employee development, etc. If the company has a medical center, then the doctor must fill out the description. However, certification of the document with the signature of the head or the head of the personnel department will remain mandatory.
About harmful working conditions
Many people know that the current legislation is obliged to provide people who work in the field with harmful labor conditions with some guarantees and benefits. What are these guarantees and what form do they have? The answer to this question is very complex and difficult. After all, there are many classifications that determine the rules for providing benefits to employees. Therefore, it is worth turning to another, more important question: what kind of working environment is considered harmful and unsafe for the health of workers?
A long description of the working conditions of representatives of various professions made it possible to identify the following main factors that make up harmful professional conditions:
- Measures of tension of working conditions. This includes long work without a break, very monotonous, often involving the emotional and intellectual spheres.
- Measures of severity of working conditions. These are constant dynamic and static loads, associated, as a rule, with physical labor. This also includes minor annoying factors such as an uncomfortable posture when doing work, a large number of repetitions of any actions, etc.
- Chemical criteria. They are considered if the work has an effect on the human body of various hazardous substances (acids, alkalis, reagents, etc.). Dustiness or gas contamination, heavy stuffy air - all this also relates to the criteria under consideration.
- General physical criteria. Perhaps the most common group of factors; all because it includes a temperature that does not correspond to the norm, increased humidity, all kinds of radiation - ionizing or non-ionizing, air velocity, vibration and noise, insufficient light, and much more. Workers with hazardous working conditions are in most cases in this category. Most enterprises in many countries around the world also fit precisely the group of criteria under consideration.
- Biological factors. This is a very highly specialized group, suitable only for those enterprises where there are biological organisms of varying degrees of danger. These organisms are, of course, divided into two groups: microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, viruses and spirochetes) and macroorganisms (animals and plants).
Another question remained unsolved: how can one determine if a particular type of work is harmful? There is a special government decree of the Russian Federation No. 870. All official information about the type of profession should be taken from there. However, this document, unfortunately, will not be understood by the majority of the population, because it is a framework. There are still orders from the Ministry of Health and Social Development, but most of them rely on old Soviet decrees that provided whole lists of organizations, workshops and positions that could be considered unsafe for health. What are these lists? This will be discussed later.
List of occupations with harmful working conditions
A complete list of jobs containing dangerous and unsafe working conditions is regulated in Government Decision No. 665. This document sets out the entire list of beneficiaries who have to work in dangerous, difficult or harmful conditions.
Below, however, an abridged list of those categories of citizens who are involved in unsafe professions will be given. As of 2016, this includes:
- mining workers;
- metallurgists mining non-ferrous and ferrous metals;
- workers producing generator gases;
- workers working in chemical companies;
- persons who have gunpowder, ammunition, various explosives in their work, etc.
- employees of oil and gas organizations, as well as organizations producing coal, shale materials, gas condensate, etc.
- persons associated with metalworking;
- workers in one way or another connected with radio engineering and electronics;
- employees of electrical enterprises;
- workers of enterprises manufacturing building materials;
- glass and china factory workers;
- persons involved in the manufacture of fiber, paper, pulp;
- workers producing medicines and various medical products;
- employees of transport services and organizations;
- Persons related to nuclear energy and the nuclear industry.
Builders, welders, agricultural workers, locksmiths, stokers, and many other people who are somehow involved in the fields using physical labor - all of them also belong to preferential categories and fall into the list of professions with harmful working conditions.
The procedure for assessing working conditions
In 2013, Federal Law No. 426 was introduced into circulation. It was decided to conduct a special procedure called the “Assessment of working conditions at the workplace”. The head of an organization that previously performed only certification of existing jobs, after the Federal Law was adopted in force, had to begin to periodically conduct the operation in question.
A sample of labor conditions for VTEK is presented below.
So, what is a special assessment of working conditions at the workplace and why is it necessary? The specified assessment is a kind of set of certain operations, a specific characteristic of working conditions, aimed at:
- to detect unsafe factors in production and in the field of the labor process;
- on assessing the level of influence of these factors on workers.
Upon completion of this assessment, it is necessary:
- provide all employees with protective equipment (both collective and individual);
- establish all the necessary guarantees and benefits for workers;
- conduct medical examinations (preliminary and periodic);
- establish additional rates of contributions to the Russian Pension Funds;
- calculate the discount for "injuries";
- prepare reports in the form of statistics on working conditions.
Who are all the above events aimed at? Assessment of working conditions at workplaces should be carried out in relation to all working individuals, with the exception of homeworkers and workers working remotely. Evaluation of persons who have entered into labor relations with an employer - an individual who is not an individual entrepreneur is also not performed.
About how the assessment of working conditions should be carried out, is written in many publications and articles. However, the most accurate source, of course, remains Federal Law No. 426. It is worth paying attention to another important question: at what time should the set of measures under consideration be carried out?
When is labor conditions evaluated?
Evaluation of labor conditions should be done at least once every five years. The presented set of measures is carried out, of course, without fail - regardless of whether any harmful conditions have been previously detected or not. There are also a number of factors that contribute to the implementation of unscheduled inspections of working conditions. Here are some situations that may contribute to an off-plan check:
- newly organized jobs are put into operation;
- the head of the organization receives a “message” from the state labor inspector for an unscheduled inspection;
- the composition of the raw materials or material used changes (but only if such materials can adversely affect the employees of the enterprise);
- the process itself is changing, production equipment is being replaced (again, only if such equipment is unsafe);
- collective or personal protective equipment is replaced or modernized;
- an industrial accident or accident occurs;
- putting forward a proposal for an unscheduled inspection of the enterprise from the trade union or other representative body.
So, a general description of working conditions and an assessment of working conditions can occur much more often than once every five years. According to statistics, most enterprises face unscheduled inspections quite often. That is why the leadership of a company needs to be extremely attentive and careful. Due care for your employees will help to develop production quality and get rid of too frequent, and therefore intrusive, inspections.
4 and 3 classes of working conditions
Assessment of working conditions ends with the installation of certain classes and subclasses in the workplace. This event is held in order to determine additional tariffs to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, their size and ratio.
So what are the classes of working conditions? It all depends on the level of harmfulness; So, there are four levels:
- Level 4 - dangerous;
- Level 3 - harmful;
- Level 2 - permissible;
- Level 1 is optimal.
What is a hazardous work class? If we try to briefly characterize such a group of professions, we can say that the worker is affected by a dangerous and harmful production environment, which in one way or another can endanger the life and health of the worker. There is a high risk of acute occupational diseases.
The third class, called harmful, can be established at the factory only if the workers are affected by unsafe factors, in addition to exceeding the established standards. This group of working conditions is divided into the following subclasses:
3.1. This subclass is characterized as a set of working conditions under which the employee's body requires a slightly longer time to recover. The calculation of work shifts and days off should be made.
3.2. This subclass is characterized by the occurrence of a lung disease in an employee due to a profession.
3.3. It is characterized by the occurrence of moderate diseases in the worker.
3.4. It is characterized by the occurrence of serious and acute illnesses in workers.
2 and 1 classes of working conditions
The second group is working conditions that are considered acceptable. It includes unsafe factors in the workplace, which nevertheless do not exceed established hygienic and sanitary standards. Of course, various established types and characteristics of working conditions prescribe that workers belonging to the second class may still have a slight risk of getting sick due to not the best working environment. However, according to documents, the body of such workers is able to fully recover by the next shift. In addition, harmful factors will not adversely affect a person in the long or short term.
The last group is working conditions that are optimal. They are installed only when hazardous or harmful factors are completely absent at the factory, and there is a favorable microclimate that contributes to balanced physical and mental stress. Overloads for workers of the first group are not allowed.
Thus, the classes of working conditions presented above are spelled out quite clearly and simply. Determining which group a particular profession belongs to will not be so difficult.
On the sanitary and hygienic characteristics of working conditions
In 2008, on May 31, a Fed order was issued. services for human welfare and consumer protection under number 103. It was this document that approved the instructions for conducting activities related to the hygienic and sanitary assessment of working conditions. In order to better understand how the sanitary-hygienic characteristics of working conditions should be implemented, it is worth “walking” by order itself. So, in order to compile the characteristics of labor under consideration, which is carried out by a working person with diseases that arose in the course of professional activity, the following recommendations should be followed:
- All the necessary information about the working conditions of the employee who has identified occupational diseases is collected and executed.
- The characteristic under consideration has been drawn up should be no more than 7 days in advance.
- The characteristic should be made in 4 copies and signed by management specialists.
- If necessary, additional documents and certificates should be requested.
- If the worker has been diagnosed with a preliminary diagnosis, any documents should be used, which will confirm production factors unsafe for the life and health of the worker.
- When describing the working conditions of an employee, job duties should be taken into account, as well as information that comes directly from the employee.
- All information about physiological, laboratory or instrumental studies should be presented in the form of an appendix to the characteristic under consideration.
- The opinions of the worker himself, as well as his superiors, witnesses, and some other persons can be used when compiling and filling out the characteristics of the working conditions of the employee when he reveals a professional disease.
How do you fill out a job description?
Unfortunately, far from all the persons who manage this or that organization know how to correctly compose and draw up a professional profile. That is why it is worth considering a rather important and urgent question: how to correctly fill in the characteristics of the working conditions of the employee sent for examination?
Which form should I take? In most cases, the characteristic under consideration is written in blank form, although this is absolutely not a prerequisite. The name of the worker’s full name, his date of birth, as well as his address, telephone number and, if any, place of study are indicated at the top of the sheet.
After that a short description of the previous work of the worker is compiled. It is necessary to describe the past work of a professional person, his awards and achievements, professional injuries received, etc. This is a mandatory item if a characterization of VTEK working conditions is compiled.
A sample characterization of working conditions for ITU can be seen in the photo below.
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Of course, it’s still worth continuing to hire different people. However, there is a slight nuance. So, before conducting a special assessment of working conditions, it is highly undesirable for an employer to include any guarantees and compensations for harm in the labor contract. This is best done later, when the verification and evaluation is completed. Such actions are justified legally and legally.
It should also be noted that the assessment of labor conditions should not be delayed. The characteristics of working conditions in the employment contract should be drawn up as soon as possible.