Pathological cell division at an accelerated pace leads to tissue proliferation. Depending on their structure, a benign or malignant tumor of the kidney is formed. Symptoms and treatment, how much they live with each of the diseases - it all depends on the particular case. We will analyze the main types of kidney tumors, especially their manifestations and the therapy used.
Development reasons
In the body of a healthy person, cells die every minute, which are then replaced by new ones. This is a normal process that occurs under the control of the immune system. When a malfunction occurs, the cells begin to divide disproportionately. As a result, superfluous structures are formed that interfere with the organ's performance.
The main reasons contributing to the development of kidney tumors are:
- advanced age (70 years or more);
- the harmful effects of chemical and toxic substances;
- radioactive and ultraviolet radiation;
- genetic abnormalities;
- hereditary factor;
- diseases of the immune system.
An important role in the appearance of benign and malignant tumors is played by a long inflammatory process or a chronic disease.
Benign kidney tumor: symptoms and treatment, how much live
Benign education is less aggressive. Sometimes it is so insignificant that it does not even cause discomfort and does not violate the organ's usual vital functions. The tumor is characterized by slow growth, during its development the tissue structure is not disturbed and metastases are not formed.
A patient with a suspected benign kidney formation usually complains of:
- weakness and general malaise;
- back pain;
- blood in the urine;
- swelling of the legs;
- a slight increase in body temperature;
- weight loss.
Upon examination and palpation, the doctor can also detect an enlargement of the organ, feel the formation of an unclear nature and note a clear increase in the patient's abdominal cavity. To establish a more accurate clinical picture, an examination in the form of ultrasound and laboratory diagnostics is prescribed.
Treatment of a benign kidney tumor most often comes down to observing and maintaining the normal functioning of the organ. Surgical removal is resorted to only in some cases, when the benefits of the planned intervention significantly exceed the risks. The outcome of the disease is usually favorable, with a long life expectancy.
Types of benign tumors in the kidneys
Depending on the tissue in which the "division" of cell division occurred, adenomas, lipomas, angiomas, fibromas and other types of tumors are distinguished. For high-quality treatment, it is necessary to know the nature of education as accurately as possible. For example, some of them are completely harmless and can be in the kidney for decades without damage to health. There are those that should be removed as soon as possible due to the rapid growth of altered tissue and a high risk of malignancy (transformation into a malignant tumor).
Adenoma and Oncocytoma
This is the most common pathological proliferation of the glandular tissue of the kidney. It is characterized by a slow growth rate, as well as small size formations. At the moment, doctors cannot explain the reasons for its appearance in the human body.
Usually the disease is asymptomatic. Only in cases of a significant increase in size can kidney cancer be suspected due to the similarity of clinical signs. Many diagnostic doctors consider adenoma to be a harbinger of a malignant tumor, which gives rise to the beginnings of a more serious disease.
Oncocytoma is more common in men and is detected by chance. Unlike adenoma, its dimensions are more impressive. By the microscopic structure of the cell, oncocytomas are similar to cancer cells, which gives reason to consider it a tumor with a high level of malignancy.
Angiolipoma and fibroma
This is a fairly rare type of benign kidney tumor , the formation of which leads to an innate mutation of genes. Tuberous sclerosis is associated with the disease in almost 80% of cases. Like other kidney lipomas, angiolipoma affects the adipose tissue of the kidney - this is where the cells begin to divide uncontrollably.
Education can also occur as a single disease. Most middle-aged women are most at risk. Usually the tumor is small and does not bother the patient much. This is due to the fact that they diagnose it most often by accident.
Fibroma is formed due to excess cells of the fibrous tissue of the kidney. The tumor is located inside or outside the organ. Women are more susceptible to the disease. Before clinically showing itself, fibroma grows on the periphery of the kidney.
Types of malignant neoplasms of the kidney
Kidney cancer is an oncological disease that in most cases affects the epithelial tissue of an organ. Men and women 40–70 years old are at risk. Heavy smokers increase their chances of developing a neoplasm by 2–4 times.
Like lesions of other organs, a malignant tumor of the kidney develops according to different scenarios, that is, it has varieties. Among them, 85% of cases are diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma, which is localized in the epithelial tissue of the renal tubules. In addition to it, malignant tumors are found:
- Transitional cell - it accounts for 5-10% of the incidence. The lesion is the renal pelvis. The disease has a similar clinical picture with bladder cancer. The prognosis in 90% of cases is favorable.
- Nephroblastoma - develops mainly in childhood. A rare type of neoplasm that occurs in approximately 8% of cases of kidney tumors.
- Sarcoma - affects the connective tissue. Such a diagnosis is very rare. This is an aggressive type of tumor, which is characterized by metastasis and rapid growth.
Removal of a kidney tumor of a malignant nature is an inevitable stage of treatment. Surgery in conjunction with the therapeutic effect maximizes the duration and quality of life of the patient.
Malignant tumor of the kidney: symptoms and treatment, how many live
Clinical signs of different forms of kidney cancer are similar, which complicates the initial diagnosis. For professional medical help people are encouraged to seek such alarming signs as:
- blood in the urine;
- varicocele;
- soreness and tumors of the lumbar spine;
- excessive fatigue, weakness, fatigue;
- hypertension;
- swelling of the legs;
- rapid weight loss;
- fever.
Most symptoms directly indicate diseases of the urinary system, but it is almost impossible to determine an accurate diagnosis based on patient complaints only.
Undergoing an ultrasound, CT or MRI procedure, as well as laboratory tests, will clarify the situation.
Treatment methods
A malignant tumor of the kidney, the consequences of uncontrolled development of which is extremely sad, is successfully treated. With timely diagnosis, the patient in 90% of cases can count on a positive outcome. The methods of treatment depend on the specific situation. Most often, the main medication is surgery.
In this case, resection or complete removal of the diseased organ can be performed. The doctor, deciding on the nature of surgical treatment, is based on the principle of "do no harm." After removal of a malignant kidney tumor, the struggle for health does not end. For complete cure, drug and radiation therapy is used.
Like any disease, benign or malignant formations directly depend on the individual characteristics of human health. For different individuals, a kidney tumor, symptoms, and treatment will manifest in their own way. How many patients live with this diagnosis? Everything again comes down to specific data. Benign tumors usually do not interfere with a full and long life. Malignant tumors without metastases are cured in 90% of cases.