Allergy medicines: list with names, rating of the best, indications and contraindications

In the article, we will consider allergy medications.

It is often called a disease of the 21st century. Currently, people of any age suffer from it, and not only in the spring and summer periods when the flowering of plants begins, and sometimes all year round. An allergic reaction can develop under the influence of anything: ordinary dust, pollen of plants, pet hair, household chemicals, medicines, food, cold, sun. That is why the question of choosing an antiallergic drug does not lose its relevance.

Symptoms of allergies are painless, but extremely unpleasant: rashes, constantly inflamed and itchy, nasal discharge, sneezing, lacrimation. The most severe allergy is tolerated by young children. In some situations, angioedema or anaphylactic shock may develop. In this regard, it is important to know which medications for allergies should be used in certain situations, what are their features and differences. This need is associated with the fact that each drug differs in composition and mechanism of action.

Varieties of antiallergic drugs

At present, antiallergic agents of three generations are used. Representatives of the last generation have incomparably less contraindications, negative effects. In addition, they are characterized by a longer and faster effect when using small dosages. Along with them, traditional antiallergic drugs, which are representatives of the first generation, are also used. In some cases, only the use of drugs for allergies can improve the condition.

In addition to antihistamines, in the treatment of allergic manifestations in adults and children, the following can be used:

1. Mast cell membrane stabilizing drugs.
2. Corticosteroids (hormonal agents).

Antihistamines of various generations

To eliminate the symptoms of allergies, it is necessary to act in several directions: get rid of the source of allergies and suppress the production of histamine, which is a substance actively produced by the body when exposed to an irritant. The latter can be achieved using drugs of the antihistamine group. What medicine for allergies to choose, the doctor will tell.

These funds with varying effectiveness and speed eliminate irritation, stop the inflammatory process in the mucous membranes of the eyes, nasopharynx, eliminate swelling, rashes, and other manifestations. Four generations of allergy medications are currently available.

Today, in medicine, and especially in the field of pediatrics, first-generation anti-allergic drugs are used with caution, but in some cases they can not be dispensed with. Accurate purpose of such funds is due to the fact that they have much more disadvantages than advantages. The main disadvantage is an extensive list of contraindications and negative effects compared to the latest generation of allergy medicines:

1. When using antihistamines for three weeks or more, tachyphylaxis, that is, resistance to the active component of the drug, can develop. As a result, its effectiveness is significantly reduced. This necessitates the replacement of the drug if it is ineffective, and the symptoms do not disappear after use for three weeks.
2. First-generation antihistamines can increase the effects of alcohol, analgesics, and many other drugs.
3. Therapy with these drugs involves the cessation of activities requiring increased attention.
4. First-generation drugs can provoke psychomotor agitation if an overdose occurs or high doses are used.
5. Against the background of their use, muscle tone may decrease.
6. In some cases, the therapeutic effect is short-lived.
7. Negatively affect the central nervous system - have a sedative, hypnotic effect.

In European countries and the United States, drugs in this category are prohibited. This is due to the frequent development of side symptoms - constipation, urinary retention, drying out of the oral mucosa, and tachycardia.

In fact, the only advantage of first-generation allergy medicines is their availability. Compared with the drugs of recent generations, their cost is several times lower. The effect of their use develops rapidly, but it remains for a short time.

We give a rating of the best first generation antihistamines.

Suprastin

In the first place is Suprastin. Quite often, patients are prescribed it, especially in an emergency. In this case, the drug is administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Compared with the analogues of the class in question, “Suprastin” has a relatively small number of contraindications, negative effects. The active substance in its composition is chloropyramine. In cells, it is not deposited, does not stay in the blood for a long time, it is excreted by the kidneys. In this regard, "Suprastin" is contraindicated in all forms of renal failure. Among the negative effects that can develop on the background of its use: drowsiness, sedation. The medicine copes with angioedema, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, urticaria.

Among the main advantages:

1. Proven Efficiency.
2. Low cost.

The main disadvantages:

1. It is contraindicated for doctors, drivers, pregnant women, in childhood.
2. It provokes drowsiness, greatly inhibits reflex type reactions.

What allergy medication can I recommend other than what is described?

Tavegil

The second place in this group is taken by the drug Tavegil. Currently, it is often used as an adjuvant for the treatment of anaphylactic shock, pseudo-allergic reactions. Despite the fact that Tavegil is a representative of the first generation of antihistamines, it is also quite popular.

Its main advantages are:

1. Long-term exposure, able to persist up to 8 hours.
2. High efficiency. The drug really acts quickly with lacrimation, runny nose, sneezing, swelling, itching.
3. Low cost. One package will cost about 100 rubles.

Among the disadvantages:

1. It is forbidden to drive vehicles and perform critical tasks after using the drug.
2. Contraindicated in pregnant women, children under 1 year old.
3. In some cases, it itself causes allergies.
   

Diphenhydramine

The last place in the ranking belongs to Diphenhydramine. The active substance in its composition is diphenhydramine. In addition to anti-allergic, it is able to exert anti-inflammatory effects, it is included in the triad - a combination of drugs used in ambulances when emergency treatment is necessary.

Its main advantages are:

1. Good compatibility with other medicines.
2. Fast onset of therapeutic effect.
3. Low cost.

Among the main disadvantages:

1. Use with caution in the treatment of pregnant women, in pediatrics, in the lactation period.
2. The active component is able to provoke anemia and act on the heart rhythm.
3. Almost always provokes insomnia, excessive agitation, lethargy, lethargy, drowsiness.

What else is on the list of allergy medications?

Diazolin

In fourth place in the ranking of first-generation drugs "Diazolin". The main active ingredient in its composition is mebhydrolin.

The main advantages are:

1. Possibility of use for preventive purposes.
2. The rapid development of the effect, its long preservation.
3. Low cost.
4. It can be used by patients of all age categories.

Among the shortcomings, the impossibility of using prostate adenoma, glaucoma, epilepsy, heart failure, in the lactation period, during pregnancy is noted.

Second generation anti-allergic drugs

The main difference and advantage of drugs in this category is a slight effect on the central nervous system. Slowing reactions and drowsiness develop much less often, only with a violation of dosage, individual hypersensitivity to the active substance. In addition, they have less effect on the digestive tract and heart tissue. If you need to choose a good, but inexpensive antiallergic drug for treating children, experts often prefer the means of this group.

The disadvantages of all such tools are:

1. High price.
2. Inability to use with renal pathologies.

Among the advantages:

1. Possibility of use in the field of pediatrics.
2. A smaller list of negative impacts.
3. The rapid development of the effect, which can last 8-12 hours.

What other medicines should I take for allergies? The best second generation antihistamines are described below.

Claritin

He is a leader in his class, he belongs to the first place. It can be used for the treatment of allergic manifestations in patients of all age categories - from 1 year to old age.

Its main advantages are:

1. The ability to quickly eliminate bronchospasm, laryngospasm, redness of the dermis, swelling, itching.
2. Exposure develops 20-30 minutes after use, lasts up to 8 hours.
3. Does not depress the central nervous system, does not affect the concentration of attention.

Among the shortcomings are the following:

1. It is quite expensive. A much safer medication of the latest generation will cost about the same.
2. Affects the activity of the kidneys.

Fenistil

Sometimes a child has an allergy against the background of insect bites. And in some cases, swelling on the face. In this case, a medication for allergies should be obtained immediately. A popular representative of second-generation antihistamines that can provide significant assistance is Fenistil, which holds a solid second position in the ranking. It is not inferior to Claritin in its effectiveness. It gained popularity among young parents, as it has many pharmacological forms. It is convenient for the treatment of allergic manifestations in infants - drops are used orally, ointments are intended for external use in case of redness and itching.

Among its advantages are:

1. Effectiveness for allergies of any origin - to animal hair, plants, chemicals, cold, sun, food.
2. The ability to quickly stop allergic attacks, block the subsequent synthesis of histamines.

Among the disadvantages:

1. It requires careful use in the treatment of young children, lactating, pregnant women.
2. It is not combined with alcohol and certain medicines.
3. May have mild sedation.

Histalong

It is an effective medicine for allergies, but not the most harmless medicine. It is characterized by a prolonged action, which in some patients can last up to 10 days. In this regard, "Histalong" is often prescribed for the treatment of chronic allergies.

Its main disadvantages are:

1. High price.
2. Inability to use in acute allergic reactions, therapy of children, in the lactation period, during pregnancy.
3. The inability to use with heart defects and other pathologies of the vascular system and the heart.
4. The presence of serious side effects - on the heart and the frequency of its contractions.

Among the advantages, the following are noted:

1. It can be used for the treatment of advanced and chronic allergies.
2. The use of a single dose eliminates allergic manifestations for several weeks.

What is the best medicine for allergies, we will analyze further.

Third Generation Antihistamines

Third-generation drugs are metabolites of second-generation drugs. They do not affect the heart and nervous system, practically do not affect the functionality of the kidneys. However, the cost of such drugs is quite high.

Among the shortcomings of drugs for allergies of a new generation can be identified:

1. High cost.
2. They can hardly be used to treat allergies in children.

The main advantages are:

1. The presence of various pharmacological forms, including children's suspensions, syrups having pleasant tastes.
2. Long exposure.
3. Great performance.
4. Minimum number of side effects.

Consider the latest generation of allergy medications.

Tsetrin

It is a recognized leader among third-generation drugs currently manufactured. Its use does not provoke drowsiness, lethargy of reactions, reflexes, does not cause visual impairment, the functionality of the heart, kidneys, liver.

The cost of packing "Tsetrina" is about 200 rubles. It can be used to eliminate allergies of any origin, the effect after its application develops after 15 minutes. To maintain a stable state, it is enough for the patient to take one dose of the medicine once a day. The main point is that “Tsetrin” has practically no contraindications, it can be used to treat patients of all age categories.

The analogues of “Cetrin” among the preparations of this category are: “Erius”, “Fexofenadine”, “Telfast”, “Zodak”, “Zirtek”, “Cetirizine”.

And yet, what kind of allergy medicine for children and adults is better to choose, you need to find out from the doctor.

Currently, there are many anti-allergic drugs that can quickly stop the unpleasant symptoms of the disease. It is worth considering that representatives of different generations of medicines are characterized by certain advantages and have some contraindications. Some of them are quite dangerous, but highly effective in certain cases. It is not worth choosing an antihistamine on your own - only a competent allergist can choose the right therapy, which will take into account the type of allergy, its origin, the general condition of the patient.

We have reviewed the list of allergy medicines, but only you and your doctor should choose.